The Luxury Passenger Carrier Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Luxury Passenger Carrier - Case Study faceThe party has decided to raise the average occur to $ 205. If the tax rate is 30 percent, how many riders per calendar month are needed to generate an after-tax profit of $ 750,000?f. (Use original data). capital of Illinois transport is considering offering a discounted fare of $ 120, which the company believes would increase the load factor to 80 percent. Only the additional seats would be change at the discounted fare. Additional monthly advertising cost would be $ 180,000. How much pre-tax income would the discounted fare provide Springfield Express if the company has 50 passenger train cars per day, 30 days per month?g. Springfield Express has an opportunity to obtain a new route that would be traveled 20 times per month. The company believes it can sell seats at $ 175 on the route, but the load factor would be only 60 percent. Fixed cost would increase by $ 250,000 per month for additional personnel, additional passenger train cars, maintenance, and so on. Variable cost per passenger would remain at $ 70.Springfield Express should be sure that its forecasts are correct.

Constitution Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Constitution - Term Paper ExampleIt was an economic and social institution.On this note, a manakin of civil sets movement arose to advocate for the abolishment of slavery, and recognition of the black people as Citizens of United States of America2. This would drop by the wayside them to enjoy greater freedom and affectity that emanated from democracy. Various amendments were made to the American constitution were made to abolish slavery, and advocate for the right of every American citizen to vote. In 1865, the thirteenth amendment recognized the concept of natural freedom, and abolished slavery.The ordinal amendment spelt out the qualifications of a citizen, and spelt out their rights and liberties. The Fifteenth amendment was ratified in 1870, and it gave all American the right to vote, irrespective of race, religion or color.On this note, the American system of democracy is termed as the constitutional democracy. Constitutionaldemocracy is ceaselessly subject to the eclips e of law. The elected representatives of the people must exercise power3, basing on the requirements of the law, which on most occasions, advocates and protects the rights of people, and their freedom. On this note, the Judiciary, and in particular the United States tyrannical Court plays an important role in ensuring that the democratic performance of United States of America adheres to the law. In the case Baker vs. Carr, the court made an important ruling regarding the oneness man one vote system. This paper examines the importance of this ruling in promoting the principles of democracy and constitutional rule in United States of America. This paper observes that, the ruling was very important in promoting democracy and regulating the fashion of the American governmental system. This paper analyzes the case, identifies important elements in the case, which relate to promoting democracy in the State. This paper withal looks at the various cases that the judiciary used to the case to solve. Baker vs. Carr, is a 1962 decision by the irresponsible Courtthat decided the eligibility of the Federal and State legislature in creating new voting zones4. The defendant, in the case argued that, the concepts of redistricting, is a political issue, and therefore the judiciary does not have the authority to intervene. The Judiciary only intervenes on effectual issues, and not political issues. According to the case, the Tennessee State Constitution advocate for the re-drawing of legislative districts after every cristal years. The purpose of this was to equally distribute the citizens of a district. The plaintiff, Mr Baker argued that re-districting the districts amounted to a breach of his constitutional right of equal protection, as advocated by the Fourteenth amendment. However, the State of Tennessee made a defense arguing that re-districting is a political process, and the judiciary does not have an authority to preside over a political process5.However, the United Supreme Court ruled that the decision by Tennessee to allow re-districting after every ten years was unconstitutional, and it breached the right of equality as advocated for under the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause. On this note, the state had to re-district based on the number of voters, as opposed to the size of the territory. This case,

Portugal Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Portugal posture - Essay ExampleAs a result of this kind of enlargement, democracy has been improved and Europe has construct more secure. Portugal agrees with European Union enlargement, which has allowed other member countries like Iceland and Turkey to join. Kaiser & Elver (2006) add that when the Union met in Copenhagen, it invited 10 member countries to join the European Union. Portugal thinks that the Union was non completely increasing its population and geographic size, but putting an end to the split in the continent which had separated the free world from the communistic bloc. Additionally, it emphasizes that the EU enlargement has moral and political dimensions. This process enabled countries like Turkey, Hungary, Iceland, and Poland, which are European countries not only geographically but in their aspirations, culture and history, to join the European Union. As a result, the countries are nowadays partners of EU project. Turkey is NATO member having a long-standing association with the European Union. It has been applying for social rank since 1987, but its history, political smudge and geographical location made the Union hesitate for a longtime before accepting the application. It was until of late that it negotiated with Turkey and at the same time entered into an agreement with another country. Morelli (2011) emphasizes that there are legal requirements that exists for either European country to become a member. The European integration means to make the candidates economic and political process open to other European countries, as well as band to sign their treaties. Normally, for countries to qualify as members of the Union, they must have a stable institution that guarantees rule of law, democracy, take to be for minorities and human rights. Additionally, European enlargement will have a functioning capacity and economy with mart forces and competitive pressure in the Union, as well as the ability to take on membership obligation and aims of the Union. The countries undergoing negotiations normally receive European Aid, which makes it easier for those countries to catch up with others economically. Sajdik & Schwarzinger (2008) contend that the enlargement of the Union embody a package of 4 billion for funding newcomers projects in order to foster them fulfill their obligations. Portuguese, therefore, think that when European Union expands its territories, the member states will ensure that the Union is enlarged and as a result it will work democratically and efficiently. This process makes it clear that Europeans have a good turn of concerns on its identity, as well as the entire EU. Therefore, there are no possible answers as for Turkey, Iceland and other countries disputable entry into EU. This is because each country views its economic and geopolitical interests differently. Their entry to a fault raises stance question of such countries like Armenia and Georgia. They have fulfilled the European requ est, but still they are not members of EU since their public opinion is against joining (Claude, 2004). Advantages of the enlargement for Portugal and European economy As for Portugal experience and perspectives, several(prenominal) advantages of the enlargement for Portugal economy and European economy that appear to be relevant are the following to flummox with, the economy of Portugal benefited when it joined EU as a result, it has promoted structural changes and macroeconomic stability in the country. It is also a

Susan B Anthony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Susan B Anthony - Essay ExampleIn 1838, her father lost his cotton mill business because of the financial impression in the United States, and in the spring of 1839 he had to sell their house. They moved to a town c every last(predicate)ed Hardscrabble. In the spring of 1840, she went to teach at a boarding school near New York City. While Susan was teaching, she perceive good deal talking closely acquiring rid of slavery. She agreed with this idea, just like her father did. She believed that all people were equal.In 1849, when Susan came back home to Rochester, her father had started inviting over his friends who were interested in talking about the achievement of making free slavery state. She listened to her father and to others who call fored to finish slavery from the society.During the 1850s, the plan of getting rid of slavery was becoming an essential issue. The people in the North were against slavery, while on the other hand, the people in the South wanted to keep slav ery. Those who were against slavery were called abolitionists. A lot of abolitionists were invited to the farm for a meeting. They all supported Susan in her work for womens rights.In 1852, Anthony coupled with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Amelia Bloomer in campaigning for womens ballot and equal pay. She also served in the American Anti-Slavery Society, and challenged barriers to female leadership in temperance societies and educational associations. spare-time activity the Civil War, Stanton and Anthony focused their efforts on voting rights, in hopes that suffrage for women and blacks could be linked in a groundbreaking constitutional amendment.Feminist leaderhttp//us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/bios/2.html (Accessed January 18, 2006)She helped the administration of President Abraham Lincoln by forming the Womens Loyal League. In 1856, the abolitionists motivated Susan to classify, write and deliver speeches for a movement against slavery. In 1865, their efforts would pay off with t he passage of the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Even though the slaves were free they didnt get the right to vote. In addition to Susans fight to end slavery, she joined the Womens State Temperance Society in New York. Both men and women could join. Soon men started to upshot over the society, so Susan resigned as leader of the group. That was the end of her work with the temperance movement she began working for womens rights. In 1866 Anthony joined with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott and Lucy Stone to help establish the American Equal Rights Association. The following year, the organization became active in Kansas where Negro suffrage and womens suffrage was to be decided by popular vote. However, both ideas were rejected at the polls.Elizabeth Cady Stanton wanted both the abolitionist and the womens right group to get combine for good results. Unluckily, the abolitionists did not want to work for women to have the right to vote. (Just as before, many of the wo mens suffragists did not care to get their cause obscure up with abolition.) Susan and Elizabeth were back where they had started twenty years before and focused their efforts on womens rights in order to upraise money.Susan B. Anthony in politicsIn 1868 Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton established the political weekly, The Revolution and the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. This amendment affirmed that all people who were born or naturalized in the United States

Concept of Virillio and Klein on globalization Assignment

Concept of Virillio and Klein on globalisation - Assignment ExampleArmitage (2011) reports that an abridgment of the professors work reveals expressions that tend to link the globalization concept to internationalism, a term with a close tie to communism and a distance a way from the unifying capitalistic market concept preached by preachers of pro westernized philosophies. Virillio rejects the globalization concept as perpetuator of a success of over free trade over totalitarian Marxism. According to Armitage (2011), his rejection of this view is in reaction to his claim that the definition lacks the aptitude to address the read loss of time gaps, the telescoping inherent in industrial and post industrial actions. Furthermore, the extensive concept of globalization is leading to the upper echelons of human modernity which is cultivated by technology and media coercion. In Armitage (2011), it is clear that Virillio believes that bypast these levels human beings can only encounte r the backward tightening to a spectacle characterized by an infinite meanness and dilapidated to personified humans permitting only existence through a phantom space. Armitage (2011) reports that Virillio arguments as supported by the recent fiscal catastrophes that brought countless nations to the brink of bankruptcy while putting countable multinationals out of business. Virillio indicate that the comprehension of the present fiscal predicaments should take a school of thought that hat views it as a hypermodern catastrophe. A misfortune characterized by hypermodern speed flanking the entire global civilization which is a bout to rupture, (Armitage, 2011).Evidently, this bid is inline with the well comprehended economic perception that any form of advancement as a be face of a catastrophe. This has the implication that progress has an equivalent face which is an upheaval and is analogous to the double faces of a coin. Armitage (2011) cites such pundits like Walter Benjamin who furthered the theoretical conceptualization of catastrophic attri plainlyes of globalization to have influenced Virilios perception of globalization. Armitage (2011) cites Virilios assurance that the westernization forged by Benjamin Franklin which over the decades supported rampart capitalistic globalization has finally reached its conclusive phase. Consequently, the present persistent fiscal negativity evident globally impeccably confirms these propositions. According to Klein (2008), globalization which has in the past years prompted the free global trade has over years profited multinationals at the expense of the detriment populace around the globe. From both books, Klein (2008) and Klein (2000), it is evident that corporations have over the years advanced sizably to levels that they presently subvert put up organizations. Klein (2000) suggests that presently, corporate commands such elevated echelon of influence that they dictate the direction taken by policy-making regi mes across the globe. Klein (2000) argues that while they have in time indirectly captured governance, they are not obligated to nations citizens but to their self centered shareholders. Klein (2000) claims that the events have adversely affected the tri pillars of civic space resulting in highly constrict social liberties and increasingly restricted employment prospects. According to Klein (2000), the maiden pillar that the corporate through state agencies have taken away from the common populace is the constricted liberty. Klein

The Horrors of being Deaf in Prison Research Paper

The Horrors of being Deaf in prison house - Research Paper ExampleContrary to the misconception back in 1960s, it is wrong to believe that deaf(p) individuals to excite more capability of committing violent crimes and sexual deviances simply because several studies revealed that not all deaf individuals go away aggressively respond to social isolation or minimal communication to other people (Young, Monteiro, & Ridgeway, 2000 Vernon & Greenberg, 1999). Likewise, Miller, Vernon, & genus Capella (2005) noted that there were several authors who over-represented the number of inmates with comprehend loss that were held prisoners in country jails or the distinguish prison cells (Zingeser, 1999 Jensema, 1990). The authors also considered the significance of the research topic. Upon investigating the previous research studies that were conducted by other researchers concerning the deaf offenders (Miller & Vernon, 2002 Young, Monteiro, & Ridgeway, 2000 Vernon & Greenberg, 1999), the a uthors strongly suggested the need to compare and contrast the degree and types of violent offenses that were made by the deaf and hearing prison population because of the high incidence of psychiatric misdiagnoses due to lack of familiarity with deafness. According to Miller, Vernon, & Capella (2005), there were quite a lot of previously available research studies that carefully examines the different patterns behind the anger behaviors made by deaf individuals and those without hearing problems. However, most of these studies were conducted using limited sample sizes which could somehow lace the actual research findings and analysis. As part of increasing the accuracy of the research study findings and analysis, the authors examined 99 deaf inmates with severe-to-profound hearing loss among the total of 133,680 inmates throughout the state of Texas back in 2001 (Miller, Vernon, & Capella, 2005). Review of Literature In any types of research study, the authors should provide a c lear literature review that all the way identify and compare the different types of criminal and non-criminal offenses made by prisoners with and without hearing problems, discuss how the variables and key terms are clearly defined, and examine the research strategies that

SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIC PLANNING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIC PLANNING - Research Paper ExampleWith entirely this talk slightly a successful strategic plan as a mast to sail finished the tempest, several plant transcriptions are quizzed with what exactly is a successful strategic plan. How should one implement it and how tummy an organization guess its effectiveness? This article has been an attempt to shed light on some of the nuances of a successful strategic plan.In the current economic turmoil many organizations have claimed that survival in their respective application was mainly due to a strong, long-term and usable strategic plan. Organizations that failed to follow their strategic plan or did not have a workable plan in the first place, are facing extinction.With all this talk about a successful strategic plan as a mast to sail through the tempest, several seed organizations are quizzed with what exactly is a successful strategic plan. How should one implement it and how can an organization gauge its effecti veness?A strategic plan is the roadmap of an organization. It tells an organization who it is, what does it aspire to be, how to get on that point and how to continue to grow. A strategic plan at its core clearly defines how an organization will fall upon its vision. This is in striking contrast to a long-range plan which primarily focuses on determining an organizations vision (McKay, 2001).Before writing a strategic plan, an organization must determine why it contends a strategic plan. Is the plan required for governance, for a new program development or as an instructional guide to provide a common vision and focus, with agreed-upon goals and strategies? Having clearly defined the need for a strategic plan, the organization then moves to developing a strategic plan.Conduct an environmental run down This process is usually termed as the SWOT analysis. SWOT stands for Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat. A SWOT analysis is polar to gauge how an organization relates to t he external

Love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Love - Essay ExamplePeople dont exist in seclusion, but co-exist and interact with one another. This is the social nature of people and they tend to have profound feelings of middle towards others majorly family members and friends. People in a relationship cherish and c ar for one another dearly. This is evident in fold up revere relationships like sexual love and family ties. The former is associated with thick intimacy and a loving feeling of sexual attraction coupled with joy while later is manifested in very close family fondness cemented by blood ties. In the physical sphere, one preserve be in love with or have a deep liking of the physical things in the environment they could be money, mountains, food, pets or cars. People have a great craving for whatever they cherish and like, and so they can never be happy in their absence. For instance, some people cannot do without pets due to their emotional attachment to them.Finally, ghostlike people have a great sense of liki ng of their deity. Such people are obsess with their deities and they worship and show great reverence to them. They truly value and care for them to the extent that some can endanger their lives for their sake. This affection is deeply rooted and can be evidenced by peoples religious commitments. The definition of love is a complex subject matter that cannot be exhausted in these few paragraphs but the paper has briefly presented the social, religious and physical manifests of love. Irrespective of the category, love is a deep psychological feeling of affection towards somebody, something or a deity. It comes about with strong and profound psychological bonds that are not easy to

Reparation Law & Evidence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reparation Law & Evidence - engagement ExampleIntroduction When a claimant seeks compensation to harm incurred from a situation or individual, the most plummy means of settling the dispute would be by incorporation of alternative dispute resolution maneuver without necessarily going to a court trial.3 such techniques may include lend oneself of arbitrators, or regulators to surrender resolved the dispute or by offering an opinion on the matter that may back up the parties in dispute to resolve the dispute. Before claim, other key areas to note include the economic spatial relation of the defendant. If the defendant is bankrupt and has no property of value or in debt, it may be inexpedient to seek payment since it would only cost the plaintiff legal fees which they may never be suitable to recover.4 In such a case, if still necessary to micturate a claim, it would be wise to kingdom an amount and the time of payment, as well. United Kingdom laws require that compensation cla ims against a wrongdoing demand adequate evidence that explicitly shows the actual instance of wrongdoing. This may be in the form of witnesses or a document footage, which must all be presented to the court handling the case. Without proper evidence, it is quite insurmountable to follow up a successful claim against a defendant.5 There are claims involving companies, well far-famed in company law. Such cases include breach of contracts, whether by a company or an individual. Such cases, usually seek compensation for the required service or product stated in the contract, where unitary party did not meet the end of their bargain, or acted against provisions in the contract.6 Cheryl acquires injuries on her face, after universe hit by a foot lever from Lizzies bike after it was run over by Donnas car to the point that she could not see through her right eye. She cannot be able drive for at least a week. This inconveniences her from attending a concert, hence losing money used to purchase tickets to that concert. Cheryl earns her living as a model, and because of the injuries incurred, she cannot attend an audition as well as a photo shoot for an take care for a company. Cheryl has several claims that she could be able to pursue in the case of her situation. The UK law provides that she can dupe a whiplash personal crack claim. She could direct the claim to either Lizzie, the bikes owner, to Donna, who unshakable Lizzies bike and finally to Donald, the car owner who initially hit Lizzie. The claim against Lizzie would have a basis on the aspect that Lizzie did not wait for the lights to turn green before she started crossing the road, and in the event, she is at the centre of an accident involving Lizzie and Donalds car. The basis on such a claim would be that Lizzie was careless and that she did not follow traffic regulations that require her to wait until the lights are green before she crosses the road. She could use either Donald or Donna as her wit nesses since both of them were present at the time of the accident.7 Donald would be a relegate witness, since he would also be trying to ward of blame on hitting Lizzie. He would, therefore, make a strong support for Cheryls claim against Lizzie. Towards Donna, Cheryl can make a personal injury claim based on the aspect that she was the one who runs over Lizzies bike, and in the event, a pedal comes off, only to hit Cheryl on the face.8

The Constitution of the United States Assignment

The governance of the United States - Assignment characterIt has long been the tradition of rulers to have a nature that is used to form the basis of governance. Since the earliest put down history, constitutions were used to define who held the authority to tax or hold property. Constitutions had the additional responsibility of defining what the publics rights were and invention a structure of law enforcement. The wording and intent of a constitution define the nature that the brass will have and the limits of its authority over individual freedom, free thought, free thought, and the ability of the people to pick out any necessary change. These traditions carried over to the US Constitution, which is a scripted document that defines the structure of government and its descent to the people. As with the constitutions that preceded it, the document sets limits on power and provides a means to enact and enforce legislation.The US Constitution presents an agreed upon set of pri nciples that are acknowledged to be universal and a system to implement these beliefs. The US Constitution spells out the rights that the people have and the legal recourse available when these rights are violated. The US constitution is based on the principle of separation of powers, which divides authority among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. These basic principles were adopted from earlier European thinkers and constitutions, and form the foundation of the more eloquent expression that the legislative process is based on. In addition, the US constitution embodies the philosophical beliefs in equality and fairness that Americans have come to take for granted. While these principles were written into the original text, additional elaboration on individual rights and the need to accommodate a changing smart set have necessitated the addition of amendments.

Science and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Science and Law - Essay ExampleThat is why the scientific theories and dogmas enjoy much high levels of veracity and credibility as compared to other academic disciplines. So much so, that scientific approach towards interrogation and experimentation has been incorporated within the ambit of other disciplines and fields of enquiry like sociology, history, economics, jurisprudence, psychology, etc. The particular is that light has infiltrated every aspect of life and human existence and today there exists practic eithery no social institution or concern that is devoid of scientific methods and approaches. Especially in the realm of law, intelligence has brought about an unprecedented change and revolution. In the 21st century, scientific evidence is legitimately welcomed and accommodated in all the courts of law and it holds a credibility and veracity about which there exists no doubt. The scientific community has too promptly responded to this new challenge and responsibility b y developing new disciplines like forensics that specifically provide to the realm of law and the techniques like finger print evidence, DNA fingerprinting, etc hold an almost unchallenged actualization in the courts of law.With the digitization of the economies and scientific orientation of the means and ways of production, the courts of law are often necessary to contend with the litigations that require considerable amounts of scientific data and inputs. There is no denying the fact that the courts in the westward have over the centuries, incorporated certain cardinal instruments within their frameworks and the jury is one such intrinsical aspect of such legal frameworks. For good or for bad, the litigations requiring scientific data and discussion are non devoid of the decisive influence of juries and the concerned scientific evidence furnished in such cases is as much open to analysis by the jury as by judges, lawyers, litigants and other parties involved.The entrance of science in the courtrooms has given way to a plethora of questions, apprehensions and doubts. Infact this new trend has exposed the jury to attacks and aspersions from motley quarters of the society and intelligentsia. Such pressure groups, while citing the complexity and intricacy involved in the mood and understanding of scientific evidence as a valid excuse claim that the contemporary administration of assorting juries that seldom requires and asks for relevant qualifications and scientific knowhow, has literally rendered the institution of jury as totally obsolete, especially in the court cases that involve considerable amounts of scientific evidence and theoretical arguments and discussions.Such claims need to be qualified in the light of the basic objectives that led to the introduction of the institution of jury in the English legal system. It is shrill for the so called champions of science to understand that the jury is essentially a political institution and serves spe cific purposes in the democratic societies (Edmond and Mercer 331). Leaving the practical aspects of justice aside, a stiff opposition from the so called adherents of science is the biggest riddle that the institution of jury faces in the 21st century. The reasons cited by such elements will be dealt with later on in this paper. First and foremost it is important to understand the political and democratic relevance of the jury in the Western legal

HRM of Apple Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

HRM of Apple ships company - Assignment ExampleThe organization chosen for this coursework assignment is Apple Company. This organization is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures consumer electronics and personal computers. The most famous products of the bon ton are Macintosh computers, iPods, iPad, iPhones, etc.It was established in Cupertino, California on April 1, in the year 1976 and incorporated on January 3rd in the year 1977. The company was called as Apple Computer, Inc. for nearly 30 years of its internalisation and later computer was removed from the companys name for its ongoing expansion in shrewd and producing new products. The company by the year 2010 has nearly 284 retail farm animals operating in ten countries and an online store where the software and hardware products are exchange. It also sells and delivers digital content through its application stores. The products are sold through worldwide retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, other(a) third parties, and value-added resellers. This company ranks as the one-tenth largest company in the world. This organization has employed 80,000 sight worldwide of which majority hail from the US. Apple Company serves its customers by offering a broader range of services and products which include mobile communication and other technological and sophisticated gadgets which attract more consumers in purchasing. Besides these services and products, the Apple Company offers its characteristic software products.Task 1a. The differences between personnel and human re mention management Personnel management deals with people employed and its management and HRM deals with managing employee skills, acquaintance, abilities and aptitudes. Personal management views employees as a money-making or profitable man where he offers his services and gets paid in the form of wage/salary. Therefore, it views employee as equipment which can be purchased and utilized. O n the other hand HRM considers employees to be not only economic but also as social and psychological. This start regards employee as a complete man and are viewed as a reserve or source for his services rendered. Personnel management considers employees as charge centre and hence expenses of employment are hold by the management whereas in HRM employees are treated as profit centres and hence put in capital for human resources development and future legalness. Personnel management uses employees for organizational benefits while HRM uses them for the multiple vernacular benefits of the organization, employees and the family members. HRM is a function of strategic management and it lays much emphasis on strategic fit and consolidation (Armstrong, 2006, p. 19), while in personnel management, personnel functions are considered supplementary.The HRM functions in terms of its contribution to organizational purpose. motorbusial functions and Operational functions together constitute to the Human Resource Management functions. Managerial functions include Planning, Organizing, Directing and Controlling. totally these functions are important towards the contribution to organizational purpose. The operational functions include Employment, Human Resource development (HRD), allowance and Human Relations.b. The role and responsibilities of a line manager The line manager plays an important role in the Apple Company. The responsibilities in the performance and development system are diverse and require varying skills for effective management. The line authority is direct authority exercised by a supervisor or manager oer his subordinates so that his orders and instructions are carries out in a proper manner. A line manager is considered as generalist of an organization, who directs his subordinates and delegates authority and has power to vote. He makes the operating decisions and bears the final responsibility. The role manager has to strike his employees, subord inates to work effectively and maximize the potential by identification and

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Political science - Essay ExampleIn fact, he forgot why he was there and for how long, content to sip on the draught Lazuli poured him and smoke his ignore long pipe for which he found more weed in the vegetation around than he could have used. He did not ask who she was and how she came to be in this remote deep, in fact he asked no questions at all, just listened to the murmur of Lazulis voice that held all the music of lapping waves, of sighing trees and the whistling wind, and neer thought to interrupt. To talk would ruin this effortless tune, and he let it be.Lazuli had cattle, which Valar now took under his charge, and they flourished. plainly his eyes were only for her. He waited for a token of affection, a hushed word, a slanted look, barely he got none from Lazuli. Mornings became evenings, evenings to nights, and nights became mornings again, and this went on for the space of many moons.Of an evening when Valar would want to chat by the home and charm Lazuli with one t ale or another, he would soon be drowsy and draw himself falling asleep. Lazuli would laughingly send him off to sleep, and the first rays of the Sun would gently prod his panorama to wakefulness the next morning. And so Valars heart kept its own counsel, longing to speak out, yet ineffective to do so. Months, years passed. Valar now had speckles of gray on his dark head, he could no longer gallop after the cattle as he used to. But the gold on Lazulis head had waned not a bit, and she continued to smile at him each morning with her young carnation lips and old aqua eyes.Fording an unfamiliar stream one day in order to take the cattle to bettor pastures, Valar came across a still pool, shimmering in the sunlight, his clear reflection upon it. He had begun to feel his age, and he saying it now. The urge took him to accost Lazuli now, to confess his love for her this very moment, and learn of her will, before his age caught up. At a mad pace he ran, till he came to Lazulis cott age. He found her bending oer a spindle, hard at

Teams progress Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teams progress - Assignment Example What were the weaknesses of your group? What were the weaknesses of your team? inadequacy of experience on such team managed projects was a major weakness. Although Work load was equally dissever by the leader division of work was such that one member assigned to do seek work was not responsible for writing task. Therefore, writing standard lacked coherence of thought. Long-term goals got forgotten to pick up short term targets. Due to assumption epoch limit, team leader could not justify with the given task. What do you like best about the team experience?The best thing about the team experience was developing an understanding of what other members thought about how to work collaboratively, innovatively and at the same time respecting each other views by listening with patience. The feeling of team-spirit was so intense that no member matte bad when his research material was found irrelevant and discarded from the final output. What do yo u like least(prenominal) about your team experience?Online participation through the electronic media via computers was the least satisfactory strategy in comparison to offline participation at the campus library and other designated places. It did not help in resolving the issues go about by members as the target was only on providing an update on current status. Members had to wait until the next face-to-face meeting to resolve issues, which caused a delay in timely submission. My experiences of the joint project ask enlightened me on how to bring performance and excellence in the final output by changing my behavior and attitude.

How Was Christianity Effective Spiritually to African Slaves When They Essay

How Was Christianity Effective Spiritually to African Slaves When They Were Forced Into Slavery - evidence Exampleery creation the darkest and most excruciating as they must have been too the period that draw the best abilities and most noble of traits among the race, a look into their spirituality during those periods must be a undivided enlightening exercise that should provide truly relevant references for our present situations. This paper shall be specific to the Christian Spirituality of the African slaves during the Atlantic Slave Trade era between the 16th and the 19th century.Christianity was graduation introduced in West Africa by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century. I have no witnesser to indicate the tip of Christian conversions in the western coasts of Africa by the 1700s . But that side of Africa having had dispense relations with Europeans already at those times, notably with the Spaniards, the Portuguese and the Dutch, there must have been some extent of e vangelization going on by those times. In the book From Slavery to Freedom, author John Hope Franklyn mentions foeman of the native Africans to the Christian Faith as the bearers of the teachings were associated with the institutions of the slave trade to the New World. It was a strange religion, this Christianity, he wrote, which taught equality and brotherhood and at the same time introduced on a large scale the perform of tearing people from their homes and transporting them to a distant land to become slaves. Compounding this local resistance is the tip over and methodic eradication of the Africans identity in the slave trade. Folk religions, as were the African traditional beliefs and cultures, even their languages, were being systematically suppressed to deter organized resistance. Slaves in the eighteenth century came from various African societies, cultures and nations, much(prenominal) as the Ibo, Ashanti and Yoruba on the West African Coast. Consequently, slaves from d iffering ethnic groups displayed little commonalities. Africans were black, but did not experience a homogenous existence they shared

Communication Studies Essay Example for Free

talk Studies EssayThis blog is for students of the Community College of St Vincent the Grenadines who are to be entered for CAPE Communication Studies examination in May 2008. The blog contains information about the course syllabus, administration and assignments as wellhead as the course content. Wednesday, March 05, 2008The expository introduction for CAPE Communication Studies Internal AssessmbliesThe presentation has deuce distinct parts* A FACTUAL presentation on an aspect of your portfolio theme * A presentation about your search including an evaluation of dickens beginnings of information used to prepare your genuine presentation. It will get down all the following 6 elements present1. An introduction (statement of topic)In the introduction you will give a brief explanation of topic/ theme and a preview (with a thesis statement) of what you are sledding to cover.For example.My theme is reversive Migrants to St Vincent. travel migrants or returnees are a group wi thin the population of St Vincent who stick spent a significant term away from the island and have then returned to permanently settle again. Returning migrants often are retired from their previous occupation which they pursued in a more than developed arena such as the United States, Canada or Great Britain or they have been work in another(prenominal) Caribbean state. According to statistics from the Customs Department given to me by Mrs B Chalres in an interview 4361 people claimed the subsidisation for returning residents in 2005. Returning migrants experience 5 phases of ad undecomposedstment when returning which can be termed as shade shock.Theme Returning Migrants to St Vincent.a group within the population of St Vincenta significant time away from the islandreturned to permanently settle retired from their previous occupation (the United States, Canada or Great Britain) OR working in another Caribbean state.Customs Department (Mrs B Charles) 4361 people claimed the concession for returning residents in 2005.Returning migrants experience 5 phases of adjustmentwhen returning which can be termed as husbandry shock.2. A ruleIn the rationale you pauperisation to explain why you picked the theme and it can form part of the introduction. In the rationale you should mention any face-to-face interests, current academic links and succeeding(a) career plans which influenced your decisiveness to choose the themeFor example I chose the theme returning migrants to St Vincent and specifically to focus on finale shock because I am a wife of a returning migrant. I have a BSc honours in Sociology and the concept of culture shock is part of socio-cultural studies carried out by Kavelo Oberg 1958. In the future I will be submitting my Masters thesis on this specific issue.3. Discussion of issuesThe discussion of issues is the factual presentation about the theme and its narrowed focus based on the thesis statement.It should have a distinct organisational pa ttern and you should aim for one of the expository structures such as cause and effect, process outline, analysis by division, classification etc (See Writing in English)It should also be point of referenced and include any investigate findings. You will also need to give a conclusion to your factual presentation as a sort of sub conclusion dont wait until the endHere is an example of a possible outline for my example presentation (not all of it). It uses the organisational pattern of process analysis Remember you cannot convey from a scriptCulture shock 5 phasesHoneymoon, rejection/ regression, conformist, assimilation, reverse culture shockHoneymoon total for Overseas Travel the tourist phaseQuestionnaire (300 returning migrants) 78% not feel tourist 82% elatedRejectionOberg frustration etcQuestionnaire 50% wanted to return after 3 months,Reasons, poor service, backward attitude, naught to do, boring Interview Dr Sheridan Mental health presentations tend to be in 1st 4 month s of return.4. Challenges of researchYou need to discuss what difficulties you faced in preparing your factual presentation. If you did not have any difficulties then just explain why.For example (in product line form)Questionnaires time consuming, identifying sample,Other sources no central data on returnees, composition articles useful Academic research not on St Vincent5. Evaluation of two sourcesFor this aspect of the presentation you need to discuss your research. The two sources need not necessarily be given as a reference in the presentation alone they should be relevant. You should try to select two different types of data source e.g. a newpaper article and an interview. You may want to very briefly summarise all your sources before evaluating two for reliability and validity. Please see other parts of the blog for information on reliablity and validity.For example (in note form)Secondary sourcesacademic text books and journals,local and international newspapers and maga zines,web sites international public organisations e.g. Peace army corps general sites e.g. WikipediaPrimary sourcesinterviews of experts in St Vincentquestionnaire of returning migrants.Questionnaire of returning migrantsReliable primary data source, research system suited to collecting data for social research Valid Problem with sample size as total population of RMs unknown Problem with generalisation as differences between UK, US and other RMs more research needed. Overall reliable and reasonably validThe Experience of Return Migration A Caribbean Perspective, Joan Phillips and Reliable Denis Conway, Ashgate Press, capital of the United Kingdom 2005 Author expert Phd genial Anthrop. Specialised Caribbean writer Canada Publisher reputable, specialst academic main interest Social research Valid Recently published Problem no reference to St VincentOverall general but very reliable and valid source6. ConclusionThe conclusion should be slightly different to the inner summary conc lusion in your discussion of issues. At this stage you can express a personal view or put forward a possible solution.For example (in note form)Returning migrantsYES culture shock3 waysHoneymoonRejectionConformistNO assimilationSolutionsProgramme promote overseas, confine in touch,Information governmentFINALLLYSee my other post about the reseach using the internet for idea. pip sure that you are aware of the requirements for acceptable notes during the exam and be familiar with the marks scheme it is not only content that is marked but also presentation skills.

Originality and shock value Essay Example for Free

Originality and shock value EssayDead animals, elephant dung, unmake beds and rice all take c ar like everyday objects but should we be crying them artwork? When we were growing up we were taught that art was a beautiful painting like Van Goghs Sunflowers, or a perfect sculpture of a gentlemans gentleman like Michelangelos David, but we were never really taught that conceptual and contemporary art were proper forms of art, plain though it was established in the sixties. It made us think and challenge our own assumptions of what art should really see like. People didnt understand the idea of cows cut in half (Damien Hirst), wire mesh lockers (Mona Hatoum), detritus (Richard Long) or rubbish (Tomoko Takahashi) being called art unless you could frame it nicely on your living room wall. The particular that this type of art didnt fit neatly into peoples ideas of what art should be was the reason it was called conceptual. Conceptual and contemporary art got a huge reaction out of people because they felt conned and marginally embarrassed when, for example, they looked at Martin Creeds ignitor going on and off and didnt get it.They didnt like the fact that they couldnt work out the true content of what the artist was trying to get across. It also got a reaction for another reason which was the simplicity of rough of the art. Im sure that when all the people who were working long hours every week looked at the well-paid artist Tracey Emins unmade bed they were desperately screaming to themselves, BUT I COULD DO THAT and thinking whether conceptual art is even worth looking at. Maybe some of us are completely missing the point they are trying to get across.Maybe instead of drowning in the depression of how easy, and perhaps pointless, the art is we should be fresh-eyed and open(a) minded and celebrate the fact that these ideas and possibilites have been opened for us. Maybe thats the point. This art definitely has originality and shock value. Artists dont indispensableness to repeat whats been done before in the same way no one wants to hear elder jokes. Their use of new technology adds to the quality of some of their work. Using a computer isnt a cop-out of drawing, its upright another tool.The originality and shock value go hand-in-hand and afterall, arent those the two things we want when we look at art? We as viewers dont want to stand there looking at something so bland, tasteless and overrated If we wanted that wherefore we could just as easily stick a slice of bread on the wall and call that art. The artists look for new challenges and ways for us to see their art. This type of art makes us challenge ourselves to disclose watcher in the everyday things in life.My opinion of Modern Art is a very fit one because even though some of the examples of conceptual and contemporary art are sometimes ridiculous, they also challenge you to find the true meaning of what it stands for. The shock factor aswell hypnotizes us and keeps our attention locked on the beauty of the art. One thing that fascinates me though is that if artist Chris Ofili paints with elephant dung he is seen as a Turner value winning genius, but if I tried to paint with elephant dung would I be seen as an fastidious genius? Probably not.

Economics and Global Business Applications Essay Example for Free

Economics and Global Business Applications EssayElasticity of motivation is a measure of responsiveness to a equipment casualty salmagundi of a good or operate. When pauperization is elastic, the circumstances of a expense change of a product allow result in a larger lot of measure removeed (McConnell, p 77). It basically means reducing the price of a good service will result in a greater quantity demanded and an gain in revenue for the seller. When demand is springless, a change in price will result in a reduction of quantity demanded, which will then lead to a revenue decrement (McConnell, p 77). To demonstrate elastic and inelastic demand results,Company A sells 100 pens at $1.00 a piece each day, making their revenue $100.00. Company A then finalizes to sell their pens at $.50, which results in a radical of 250 pens being sold. The total revenue from the price drop is $125, resulting in an additional $25.00 therefore the demand in this scenario is elastic. I f selling the pens at the decreased price of $.50 would result in more pens being sold, but less total revenue, the demand is tell to inelastic. According to McConnell, when demand in unit elastic, the pct change in price and the resulting percentage changes in demand are the same. The change in price will non increase or decrease revenue.Cross price elasticity measures the response of demand to a change in price of another substitute or complimentary good (McConnell, p. 87). Substitute goods are goods that can be purchased in place of another good. Examples of substitute goods are soda (buying Coke vs. Pepsi), computers, and potato chips. A positive interbreeding elasticity of demand means the increase of price in angiotensin-converting enzyme good, for example Coca-Cola, will increase the demand of a substitute good, for example Pepsi.As the price for Coke increases, consumers are more believably to purchase Pepsi at a lower price, thereby increasing its demand. Complementar y goods are items that are typically purchased in conjunction within one another. Examples are ringed binders and notebook paper, pencils and erasers, and potato chips and dip. A cast out cross elasticity of demand in complementary goods means that the increase in price of one good, an example being potato chips, will decrease the demand for the complementary product that goes with it, the dip.Income elasticity measures the responsiveness of consumers to changes in their incomes (McConnell, p 88). Demand for normal goods tends to increase as consumers incomes increase and conversely, demand for inferior goods tends to decrease as consumers income increases.Demand is elastic where there is a large availability of substitutes. The reason for this as the price of a good increases, if there is a large heart and soul of substitutes for this particular good, the consumer will choose the substitute. As discussed earlier, soda is an excellent example of this elasticity. Airline tickets ar e another example. As one airline raises its appeal of a ticket or to even pay for a bag to be checked, a consumer will more likely choose a cheaper ticket or an airline that doesnt charge for luggage over the original. If there is no (or a very limited) amount of substitutes for a good, elasticity is said to be negative. A price change in medication will not likely change the style of a consumer relative to demand since there isnt a substitute to taking the medication. Household utilities are another example of a limited amount of substitutes.In discussing the proportion if ones income given up to a good concept, the household budget comes into play. In a given month, households pay for many contrastive good and services. A change in price may or may not arrogate the households demand for those goods and services. Often, it is dependant on how much of the household budget is devoted to that good or service. fluid phone service is an excellent example of a service that will m ost likely dupe a large amount of a household budget dedicated to it. A change in price in the cell phone service will most likely result in that family making a decision to change to a cheaper service, since that will have a large come to on their budget. On the other hand, that same household may purchase light bulbs each month. The amount of money dedicated to the purchase of light bulbs is so small, that a price increase will not likely affect the budget, therefore the family will not likely make a decision to change to a cheaper bulb.The concept of season when discussing demand is important. When a consumer has a large amount of time to decide on the purchase of a good or service, the elasticity is positive. Conversely, if there is little time, the elasticity is said to be negative. According to McConnell, and excellent example of this is gasoline for automobiles. Gasoline prices change daily and more oft than not, prices rise. A family, who owns a car and is dependent on t hat car for work, etc, will not likely end up buying gas in the sort-term, because it is crucial to their everyday living. However, that family over a long period of time may decide to find alternate means of travel, decreasing their demand for gas.Using the graphs for elasticity of demand and total revenue, areas of elasticity, inelasticity and unit elasticity have been identified. Demand is elastic between the prices of $80.00 and $50.00, meaning the demand increases as the price decreases, resulting in an increase of total revenue. Between the prices of $50.00 and $40.00, the demand in unit elastic, meaning the percentage of drop in price resulted in the same percentage of increase in demand. Revenue remained unvarying in this price range. Between the prices of $40.00 and $0, the demand is inelastic, meaning the price drop has resulted in an increase in demand, but not enough to over come the decrease. Total revenue has been negatively impacted.

The Journals of Susanna Moodie Essay Example for Free

The Journals of Susanna Moodie EssayOne of the finest collections of poetry known is The Journals of Susanna Moodie, reiterating several poems contoured to environmental factors. Most of the poems are connect and weaves a cumulative effect on the reader. Of course, the cohesiveness comes from one persona, which is Susanna Moodie. Significantly, this book utters a womans growth and development into other land where lightness, drabness, trees, and fire form an important story in Moodies life. For instance is Moodies transformation in a foreign land, translated by light protruding into darkness. impressibility on Moodies part leave alone enhance the captivity of making such values on the environmental influences during and after her migration (Bilan, 2007). In this book, Atwood emphasizes the lack of connection a person has with a specific land. The light specified in the character of Moodie derives an inner margin between the land and the protagonist. The first of the tether journals conveys the initialized take hold of of Moodie unto a foreign space. It is described that Moodie sees herself as a light shedding to rocks. It seems that she already k bleak herself as a foreign character.Seen in this book, is the addressed change through acceptance and eventual exploration of greater self. Susanna Moodie is the protagonist, where she lives in the period of the 19th century, as an English immigrant to Upper Canada. This book is composed of eighteen poems under three journals. The first journal entails Moodies journey across the Atlantic and up the St. Lawrence where her departure becomes a touchy undertaking. Her migration has caused several deaths among her children. Following this event is her husbands bet as sheriff in Belleville.In the act journal, Mrs. Moodie experiences the lasting of the difficulties she had known in her past, which eventually links to what she has become in the third journal, a haunting ghost (Hammill, 2003). The Planters This poem sees how their variant comes in the unusual land. In the first stanza saying, They move between the jaggy edge Of the forest and the jagged river On a stumpy part of cleared land. (Atwood 16) Clearly, the stanza reiterates the difficulty of migration. Somehow, at that place is a description of their origin, jagged sloppeding diverse or interchanging life.On the next verse, stumpy patch of cleared land, the characterization of the foreign land looked civilized to her or quiet. This description may also mean silence, where there is no one to cling to because of adapting to a new culture. The next stanza focuses on her husbands and other neighbors status on their quest. Identified by describing how they foster their imminent act in the fields, she describes their hard adjustment through exploration uttering, my husband, a neighbor, and a nonher man Weeding the few rows Of string along beans and dusty potatoes They bend, straighten the sunLights up their faces and hands, candles Flickering in the wind against the (Atwood 16) It seems as though their work is very hard. Mrs. Moodie knows that their migration costs a lot than it should and the primary factor beaming is their culture. She also sees that their experience is comparable to what other persons standardized them endure. The sun emphasized are the superiors, she sees her husband and the other who work as notwithstanding candles, flickering or faint-hearted of what they are doing. In addition, the instability portrayed may come from the experience of viewing their upholding traditions or what they are used to.Connected to this proposition is still the diffidence they feel on a foreign land. As said in the following, unbright earth. I see them I know none of them believe they are here. They deny the ground they stand on. (Atwood 16) Their uncertainty dictates their actions. Moodie knows the unpleasant fact of their migration. Hence, the acceptance should be obscure rather than clarified. I n a sense, the viewed party is undermined not by the consequences that of experiences they reach. She accepts yet another hurtful fact of their stay in that cleared land, as she utters of their future troubled just coping, to the unknown world.pretend the dirt is future. And they are right. If they let go Of that illusion solid to them as a shovel, (Atwood 17) Uttering these linguistic communication would mean of the unpleasant pursuit dictated by their present status. Dirt would mean the strange, unacceptable, and unworthy alone still, they have to and need to ap bear of it as part of their lives. She accepts it, spoiled and impaired. She acknowledges that if they try to accept that fact, stated as solid to them as a shovel, they are doomed. Finally, she identifies of the unknown world vehemently depraved of freedom, stating,open their eye for a moment To these trees, to this particular sun They would be surrounded, stormed, and broken In upon by branches, roots, tendrils, the dark face of light As I am. (Atwood 17). Mrs. Moodies know of her position. She knows that similarly, other people superior to them determine her fate. Her understanding of that freedom, when persevered to the highest will result to a much bigger problem. She describes it by trees, its members, that they are the darker side of light. Generally, Mrs. Moodie experiences alienation from the verge of priggish era.Her perception is more complex than any other is, more than her husband and those having similar fate. The separation of dark and light begins to break down unto her senses. Paths and Thingscape Explained in this entry is the attempt of Mrs. Moodie to take course of assimilation, though she is unsure of what she is doing. She wants this to happen, as she ventures into a new world. In these words, she starts to wander of other persons embrace of the new world, asserting, Those who went ahead Of us in the forest Bent the early trees So that they grew the signals The trail was no t among the trees butthe trees (Atwood 20) Again, she sees superiority all over those who went ahead of her. She becomes the observer of the future unfolds of to the people comparable to her status. However, she inhalations of awakening herself and accepting what these trees offer. She expresses what others dream of, extolling of the detriments, and there are some, who have dreams Of birds flying into shapes Of letters the skys codes And dream also The conditional relation of numbers (count petals of certain flowers). (20) The endowment of certain plans to make their future pleasant upholds her wishes of a better future.It supports her adaptation to the new land. Even though it proclaims of an uncertain trail held by people superior to them, still, she manifests of her justifications as correct. direct by uncertainty and mere courage she advances into a more treacherous state of adjusting, she exalts of her undertakings, In the morning I advance Through the doorway the sun On t he bark, the inter- twisted branches, here a blue thistle movement in the leaves, dispersed Calls/no trails rocks And grey tufts of moss (Atwood 20) Her endeavor of finally settling to new pastures becomes huge and unsurpassed.She feels more comfortable of telling her spiritual bereavement over many things. More importantly, she endures of freedom like any body else and cannot commit herself to dependence. However, she feels insecurity of what is hiding unto the depths of the new world. She picks up the obligatory impression analogue with the others who dreamt of liberation. She exclaims of her concerns, The petals of the fire- Weed fall where they fall I am watched like an invader Who knows hostility but not where The day shrinks back from me (Atwood 21) Her definition inclines a surety of purposeful downfall after an undertaking.She exceeds advancement but treats it as a threat and not a triumph. Her overwhelmed quest modifies the true picture of the superiority over her and exc ludes courageous acts. However, this comprehensive characterization of Mrs. Moodies opinions may be false, as some elements may prove supportive of what she plans or does. The transformation possible ends in a negative opinion rather than a separate entity. What she does not conceptualize is the harmonious feeling of the subjective entities around her. Even though this is partially correct, she gratifies each vision as complete though it is not.

Alcoholic beverage Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic beverage showIs the End of the German Beer Industry Near? 1. treat how the ever-changing scientific milieu expose international threats and opportunities to the German beer industry. To discuss how changing technological environment presents international threats and opportunities for the German beer industry, the term of changing technological environment has to be explained. The literature distinguishes in the midst of a micro environment and a macro environment. little environment concludes factors, which atomic effect 18 directly influenced by a company. These factors are organizational Marketing-Mix, Structure, processes etc. Macro environment contains political decisions, cultural and social changes and technological changes (Lee and Carter, 2009). Technological changes move include three sections to improve none processes of companies. The First is done technological innovations in products and processes. For instance producing processes in differe nt Industries are much easier and faster today than before 30 years. Product life cycles are slight long today in advance(p) technology allows permanent improvements and innovative refreshing products detach older products. That is a Development of modern Industries, which can be observed (Dicken, 2011).The irregular one is done communication and information. engineering science attachs productiveness by sentence saving devices and allowing companies to work in collaboration with team members inwardly a Network, who are not present or the ability of fast access to data from anywhere of the world (Obele, 2004). Further much(prenominal) modern Technology allows companies to do consumer or market research in a very short time, especially through the internet which provides opportunities for companies to enter refreshed markets across several countries and regions in a very fast and gentle way now (Litan et al. , 2010).The third one is through mobility and innovation in t ransportation. Today manufacturers are open to transport products with the help of airplanes, trains and ships in a geographical freedom without losing quality of products (Dicken, 2011). By increasing productivity generally through time and space saving devices modern technology provided the German industry opportunities to increase general production output. Improved Information and communication technology (ICT) and innovative transport systems results a less complex of processes to enter new markets by aimed communication and fast distri only ifion. save one of the most strategic international opportunities that changing technological environment presents to the German beer industry is the improvement in production processes. operate optimisation and increased efficiency are priorities of the most companies. For Instance high-gravity wort fermentation or efficiency of wort wampum uptake are process activities resulting in reduced capital expenditure and meets in economies o f scale (Stewart, no date). Economics of scale eventuates when a decline in average cost can be achieved through an increase in output of one product (OSullivan A.and Seffrin S. , 2003).In addition many of the big international players are leveraging from innovated brew and fast fermentation processes. There are heavy investments in brewing instruction to produce much efficient for instance to exploit ingredients or save water and shit economies of scale. In the USA breweries like Anhe procedurer-Busch, Miller and Coors managed to dominate the mass-producing sector and gained in economies of scale (Tremblay et al. , 2005). World market leader AB InBev from Belgium owns more then 200 beer brands today, undaunted Becks, a German beer.Local breweries did not attempt to turn out in the past and today they are suffering from acquisition of big worldwide players. The device of big breweries is to produce efficient and cheap. But many German customers are struggling against this mass -production provided by modern technology. Most of them argue that the quality of the beer is suffering from mass-production and decide to buy topical anesthetic German beer brands, which are more expensive (Schimansky, 2012). In times of cheap mass-production there are still customers, who are produce to pay more for quality according to the case study the same applies to emerge markets.So local German breweries could use their quality as a unique selling proposition and start to join and get together by mergers for instance to parcel costs and risks of overseas operations. It is logical, that only a a few(prenominal) German breweries will be able to invest in international operations, because of lesser pecuniary resources. so maybe only 100 of the 1300 German breweries will check alive in future but these breweries will be strong enough to create an availability of German beer internationally.One opportunity for German breweries is to expand to emerging markets like China then, where according to the study customers are ready to pay for quality, as we mentioned. Producing towards the Reinheitsgebot promises that required quality. Referring to the Paper that most of the small German breweries got small financial resources and no experiences in overseas markets, so cooperation with another(prenominal) famous German brewery, as we mentioned, or a joint venture in a foreign country like China to reduce certain risks, costs and gain ad hoc market friendship, could be profitable.The infrastructure, especially communication and information channels to gain knowledge about local p summonss will enhance the way of doing business there. But new technologies and innovative processes provide rival producers new opportunities and form new threats for the German beer industry. By producing more efficient and creative with support of modern producing opportunities beer companies fit their product following new trend of the new generations. Example is give n in the study by offering alcopops or mixed beers etc.Eventually world-wide players, who enter the German market by acquiring German breweries and are close to the market, will be in a position to adapt their own products in the future with support of modern technologies in research methods etc. to gain knowledge of local preferences by ongoing efficient industrialized mass producing processes. And if German breweries still stay small in distribution, big global players will be able to dominate more of the virtually arrant(a) market. This is especially because of modern efficient way of brewing and the declining costs involved through economies of scale for example.2. Discuss the clashing of the current stinting global crisis upon the operations of the German Beer industry, given that it appears to be fractionalised and has smaller financial resources than its main competitors. According to a publication of the new frugals foundation (nef, 2012), the world is in the second ph ase of an scotch crisis, which has a global reach and have-to doe withs nut just only the worlds major institutions, but also the established ways of thinking. The nef asserts that the contemporary global frugalal crisis is a law of continuation of the financial crisis of 2008.In 2008 the worlds third-largest investment bank at that time, Lehman brothers, bankrupted and led to eventual a collapse of the whole financial system. The nef explains that the crisis of 2008 was halted but not resolved. Now the results of the second phase of the global economic crisis are stagnation and austerity to cut public spendings, so the nef. Furthermore the nef argues that austerity is hindering economic growth, because firms sell fewer goods and services and therefore this creates job losses as we can see in Ireland, Greece and now in the United Kingdom.That global economic crisis impacts the beer industry in several countries proves a declining number in annual per capita consumption of beer in Greece, which has been hit hardest among the countries by the beer recession and by the crisis itself (Ewing, 2011). The main impact of the economic global crisis upon of German beer industry is, that more and more batch loss their jobs worldwide within the crisis (BBC, 2009). Therefore they are not able to spend much. Because of that they fear about the uncertain future and penury to save money. This fear impacts their customers buying conduct.There is a strong resistance to buying and therefore prices draw to be lowered (Herrmann, 2009). In addition more and more commonwealth are plighting at home rather then in bars or restaurants to save money. This in turn leads to that more people loss their jobs, especially in the hospitality industry, like Hotels, pubs or restaurants. Furthermore regimes are hindering productivity by value-added taxes, which lower consumption and cots jobs (Ewing, 2011). That means that there is a declining buying power and changing careful buying behaviour, especially of price sensitive German customers, like it is told in the study.The paper shows already a declining number of beer consumption, because of some factors, like Trends, demographic changes and government decisions against inebriantic drinks etc. The fact that the people spent less money, as mentioned before, will accelerate this process. The general economic crisis in europium, like in Greece, Italy and Spain intensified the situation (Bloomberg, 2013). So this countries import less to over engender the crisis and are out of the question of a potential markets. There is one matter occurred within the global economic crisis especially in Europe that could have a huge affect on the German beer industry in future.The European sum total follows a common insurance outwards in interests of each country. But in times of economic crisis like in Greece, the idea of a common Identity of several nations within the European articulation failed. Many Greeks for instance are blaming Germany and France to benefiting from their spending for Greece in order to help (The Independent, 2012). Both are the main supporters for Greece attempt to overcome the crisis by attempt to support investment and economic growth there (RTE, 2012).But as mentioned, not only Greece Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy are heavily indebted countries, who are next to face the economic crisis in an extreme kind (BBC, 2012). Situations like these can destroy a common relationship between countries within the EU, because eitherone seeks for reasons for the fail of the prudence in each country and as it had been said especially Greece is blaming the insurance of EU about that. This fact forces countries and governments to shut themselves off from the EU and concentrate on local policy, saving and matters instead showing common interest in the EU as a whole.This could lead people to think more nationalized and consumption could concentrate on domestic products instead of expens ive imports, like of a good quality German beer, to save money. These happenings, particularly in Europe, show a negative sign situation for German beer industry and as we said above potential markets in Europe in the future. According to the case study the German breweries are fractionalised and got smaller financial resources than their competitors, which is hindering the Industry to expand overseas an enter new markets to gain sustain success and profit.Like Koenig says in the study the German market is saturated and as I said before the economic crisis in Europe precludes a potential market there. Emerging markets are potential markets because for instance of several factors like the market sizing in China etc. and according to the paper the fact that customers are ready to pay more for quality in emerging markets. Economy in China for example has continued to grow, while the economy in Europe has fallen into a critical situation. Increased consumer spending and the open busine ss policy of China provide really new opportunities for western companies (B2B International, no date).The expansion to such markets is related with new costs, which complicates the operations of the German beer industry, because of small financial resources. Grave et al. (2012) analyzed the beer industry in China in a journal article in the case of Carlsberg. The paper argues that Porters (1980) differentiation or focus strategy may work in western countries, but not in emerging ones. The challenge is, it says, to maintain value proposition as a quality beer while responding to local demands.The basketball team forces industry analysis resulted that there is a high competition in the Chinese beer market, high supplier power, low buyer power, medium threats of entrants with high entry barriers, i. e. language barriers, and low to medium threats of substitutes. So no matter how attractive emerging markets are, it might be risky to enter China but graduation exercise you are establ ished, you will gain big success. This success requires financial resources, which German breweries can only gain by consolidation with associated German breweries or joint ventures with Chinese companies.Carlsberg gained big success by Chinese acquisitions and undergone little affects of the economic crisis, so the journal article. So certain German breweries should get together to share costs and try to enter new emerging markets as we mentioned European and German markets are almost saturated if they do not try to find new markets, most of them will collapse, raddled from the impacts of the global economic crisis by declining numbers in consumption, less buying power and changes in buying behaviours.3. With reference to the EU market only, explain how contemporary cultural and social changes might affect the future development of the German Beer industry. Cultural and social changes are macro environmental matters that businesses have to adapt on to stay competitive. Consumer pr eferences are dynamic and invariably changing. As consumer preferences have to form adaptations, companies have to consider trends to produce goods which forgather consumer needs in real.Not only demographic changes, on which I will be come back later, but different ethnical, religious, racial groups and changes in proportion of gender within a union can affect companies in their businesses (Richards, no date). By referring to the Paper an important social change is that more and more people in Europe and in the world become more health conscious. This includes government decisions about penalties related with alcohol in public and suggestions, like it says in the study, to general lifestyle and nutriment of the public.Science and medicine promote this trend by distribute the opinion that long term use of alcohol leads to cancer, liver failure, neurological, psychological and social problems (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Wellness products are shaping food for thought markets, especially in Germany. Health is status symbol for newly olds and young people are concerned in healthy products, as well to prevent illness (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2010). Further drinking beer has a lamentable image today. We associate beer drinking with lushes and riots in football stadiums.In an era in which apparently health and wellness plays a significant role, especially people who cares about their outward appearances, do not drink beer, because they do not want a beer-belly (Reilly, 2012). These described trends can have a significant affect on German beer industry, especially in a shrinking market, like the paper says. According to the memorize besides this there is a declining number of consumption of beer. A low birth rate in Germany, within a declining number of population impacts every area in life and influence economy, as well.(Bundesministerium des Innern, 2011). Particularly demographic changes in Germany and Europe lead to a cease of the core object lens group. A low birth rate in Germany, within a declining number of population impacts every area in life and influence economy, as well. In addition the case study provides that young generations prefer to drink alcopops and mixed beers instead of traditional beer. The beer industry recognized the demand and for example the German brewery Schofferhofer gained a big success in 2007 with Schofferhofer Grapefruit a mixed wheat beer with grapefruit extract.Bitburger, another famous German brewery introduced Copa, a Caipirinha flavoured beer and a pomegranate flavoured one, containing less alcohol to satisfy health sentience of customers (Strohmaier, 2007). Therefore more German breweries have to adapt their beers to local consumer preferences and trends to gain sustainable success in future, which is associated with new costs, like for research and development. Small breweries are threatened, because of small financial resources. Besides that the sophisticated prime(prenominal) of alcoholic drinks is wine, as the study says.At this end the low consumption of beer, changing buying behaviour of German price sensitive customers and less buying power of customers in Europe within the economic global crisis reduce chances of German beer industries of a positive development in the future at the moment. In addition cultural and social changes, like demographic changes, health consciousness, trends of new generations and government behaviour against alcohol consumption, argued above, are threats for the German beer industry, especially in the case of small breweries.

Organizational Behavior and Communication Essay Example for Free

faceal Behavior and Communication striveOrganizational Behavior and Communication is strand in every company, organizations, and groups. Organizational behavior and converses argon discussed by using Starbucks Coffee Company. The discussion pass on cover companys values and committal statement. The mission statement contains the philosophy, vision, and values. Also, some background of the company will be given. There will a discussion on the communication and on what extent this is determine by the Starbucks Coffee Company Culture. terra firmaStarbucks was start in the 1970 in the state of Washington. The name Starbucks was inspire by the novel Moby Dick. In 1987 purchased by a man name Howard Schultz. At the time of the purchase Starbucks had stores only the Pacific Northwest. After the purchase Starbucks was selling coffee in different countries such Europe. In the first vision of Schultz was to fine coffees.Organizational CultureThe organizational culture of Starbuck s is based on diversity. The formula that they use is Diversity=Inclusion+ candor+Accessibility. The definition is Inclusion human connection engagement, Equity fairness justice, and Accessibility ease of use prohibition free (www.starbucks.com, 2013). The company has divided the organizational culture (diversity) in the following parts 1. Partner/employees Starbucks wants partners as different as the cities they work in. The proper word could be diverse 2. Customers Starbuck want their customers to have an highly nice experience. In order to achieve this Starbucks by giving the customer their preferences. 3. Communities Starbucks does make investment in topical anaesthetic communities as well as worldwide. Starbucks by giving economic opportunities in ways of line of merchandises and other forms of help. 4. Suppliers Starbucks work with many minority groups of suppliers.Also suppliers that argon women. Starbucks support many organizations. Examples of these ar Community Serv ice, youth Groups, and Create Jobs for USA, Also the the Statesn Red Cross. The espoused values of Starbucks do agree with the enacted values. Example of this is on July 3, 2012 it was announced that Starbucks will have two openings in Latin America. Starbucks Coffee Company reaffirmed its commitment to Latin America with two major openings- its first in Costa Rica, and its firs Farmer Support Center in sulfur America located in Colombia (China weekly news, 2012). Latin America provides large amount of the coffee that Starbucks us. another(prenominal) example is that in 2010 Starbucks refuse to raise the prices of the coffee.Most companies raise their prices due the raise of the coffee prices. Starbucks dissolve not raise the prices for awhile but monitor the prices. The organizational communication of Starbucks is 100% determined by the organizational culture. The communications convey are very clear and easy to use. Starbucks have communication channels that employees can use. These channels are telephone calls, online cover uping, e-mail, and written publishs. The communication channels for the customers are the Starbucks website. The customer could rise the mission statement or locate a store. Also, if a person wants to apply for a job they can do it on the website.Role of CommunicationStarbucks uses a model of communication used largely by smaller group networks, all channel communication (yahoo.com 2008) The communication plays an exceedingly important use in the organizational culture of Starbucks. The organizational communication is open to the customer. The customers can talk with an employee then the employees report to the supervisors or department heads. The communication channels are always updated by Starbucks.Partners are encouraged to report all types of issues or concerns to the program through their choice of the offered communication channels. (www.starbucks.com, 2013) Another form of communication is the Standards of line of work Conduct booklet. This helps the employees make excellent decision and also how to act with the customers. The communication has no misalignment with the espoused values or enacted values. The organization gives many communication channels for the employees. Another reason is that the company from time to time sees what take to be change so that the organization can run smoothly.Conflict in group communicationWhenever a company or an organization has a group that works together there will be a communication mesh. A solution to any conflict needs to be found before the conflict can come out. While researching Starbucks there was no conflict mention. Starbucks does have a clear image. Starbucks does show press releases on the decision that are being made As for the employees are concern Starbucks does provide communication channels to report any issues. The issue that refers to any communication conflicts in the group communications. On the same website the organization will post an y communication about the company. The organization can use the conflict to put an additional person in the group to deal with the conflict and find ways to keep the conflict out of the group.Additional InformationStarbucks supports the Earth watch Institute, give up the Children, Mercy Corps, and Plant Green. These are just a few of the organizations that Starbuck is working with. When the employees are making a decision they have standards to rely on. These standards are Standard of Business Conduct. Starbucks has these standards printed in the following languages English, Chinese, French, German, Brazilian Portuguese, Latin American Spanish, and Thai.ConclusionStarbucks is an organization that puts customers and employees first. They have high levels of values, vision, mission, and philosophy. Starbucks do indeed help the communities that have their location. In the pass Starbucks kept their coffee prices down when the prices of the coffee bean were going up. Then Starbucks is o pening up business in Latin American and Costa Rica. These businesses will be working hand- in- hand with the local farmers. In addition Starbucks has used the coffee is from the Latin American and Costa Rica. The communication channels are aligning with the mission, philosophy, vision, and values statement. Also Starbucks provide the customers communication channels to report any wrong doing. Starbucks makes extremely high efforts to have a strong company.ReferencesAbout Us. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.starbucks.comFood Weekly News, 145. (2010). Starbucks Coffee Company Starbucks Responds to surge Green Coffee Prices. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/75581576?accountid=35812 Our Mission Statement. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.starbucks.com Seazone, S. (July 18, 2008). Successful Application of Organizational Behavior Starbucks. Retrieved from http//www.voices.yahoo.com Starbucks Coffee Company. (2013). Business ethical motive and Compliance. Retrieved from http//www.starbucks.com Starbucks Coffee Company Starbucks Broadens Presence in Latin America. (2012). China Weekly News, 192. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1022321948?accountid=35812

Examining Current Issues in Child Mental Health Essay Example for Free

Examining Current Issues in Child Mental Health evidenceIn todays society, a major concern that ought to ensure success in a res openas hereafter is the positive evolution, growth and wellness of electric shaverren. According to the World Health Organization, children atomic number 18 susceptible to acquiring malnutrition, along with having a high(prenominal) prevalence rate of diseases comp ared to any other get on group (WHO, 2012). Likewise, these susceptibilities in children are determined by the kindly determinants of health known as conditions groom in place in order to combat nausea and are dependent on the countrys power, wealth and economy (WHO, 2012). In this critical review, the amicable gradient and social determinants of health are used in order to analyze the touch on of society on child moral health and information. From a Canadian perspective of the social the determinants of health, the following topics that are addressed in the critical analy tic thinking of child rational health include 3 social determinants.These determinants consist of the early child sticker development vs. race/ethnicity, early child hood development vs. ealth service, and early child hood development vs. social exclusion. While the article, Call for Help (HL) By Suzanna Pillay, reports the significant view that the childrens alleviate landmark service is known to be the number one coping method for children with negative psychological issues however, this is not the case since the primary solution to avoiding child kind health issues is with the main serve well of the primary misgiving giver, general public and global organizations.Summary of Call for Help By Suzanna Pillay The articles boilers suit message describes children being a susceptible being to mental health issues that occur callable to legion(predicate) factors, however, those issues can be reduced and prevented during the first three age of development with the help of seve ral covergivers. Suzanne mentions that the childrens helpline is the main route to determining whats wrong with the children who call because many tend to seek help there rather than to their primary caregivers, their parents.In addition, research and statistics from the child helpline shows that some of the mental disorders that the children acquire are a lack of confidence, eating disorders, phobias, obsessions, anxiety, suicidal, loneliness and depression. According to the article, the central solution to fight against the odds of children create mental health problems in their later years is to go away a positive environs some(prenominal) external and internal that will lead them to a stable life.Overall, although the article layout many viewpoints, issues and solutions toward child mental health, in the end it comes down to the fact that the early years of a childs development is critical and consists of many components such as brain development, emotions, stability and pe rception in life, coping, and health. Critical abbreviation To begin with, from a Canadian perspective they believe that early childhood development (ECD) is one of the alpha social determinants of health to draw upon on when analyzing child mental health.As mentioned in the article, the first three years are vital for a childs emotional and development and control whereas increase stress hormones can affect the development of the brain. However, on the social gradient scale the early years of development can vary between different races and ethnicities. For instance, according to an article by Christina Gamache Martin and her colleges, research has shown to evoke that there are racial and ethnic disparities where African Americans are more prone to higher hydrocortisone levels than Caucasians and Latinos had lower levels of cortisol than Caucasians (Evidence 1).Critsol is a glucocorticide hormone derived from the hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal axis, where both work in concert to mediate between persistent stress and appalling health (Evidence 1). As a result, since the African American group has shown to have had higher levels of crotisol, they tend have a lack of parental monitoring and higher risk of acquiring mental health issues (eVdence 1). Therefore, it is clear that some children may have a higher tendency of acquiring mental health infirmityes due to race and ethnicity.In conclusion, it would be logical to rovide public services as mentioned in the article by Suzanne Pillay to specific race and ethnic youth groups who are more likely consume negative early child hood development. Moreover, health services provide to a society in Canada is in addition known to have a significant impact on children and their development. One issue outlined in the article was that 60 % and higher of child care and greenhouse centers were overpopulated with children with mental disabilities and on top of that they did not follow up on childs needs presented in an A ct in 2001 for children.This statement essentially indicates that health services such as parent care services and child care centers with mental health ill children will need to be addressed in a manner that will benefit the children. A research written report hold by Georgina, Hibbert, makes note of the worthiness of health services in relation to child mental illnesses. The study was a consultation called the Psychology Consultation Service which was set up by Brent CAMHS in 1005 that provided consent to improve foster care services.It was in support of limitations in other studies and issues revolving around mental health and children. They found this consultation to show great improvement in the skills and understanding of children with mental illness in foster care, while also making the foster care givers more self-reliance and potency to perform their job well. (evidence 2). Other workers, such as social workers found the model consultation to also be beneficial in terms of skills advancement, planning, and increase knowledge.In regards to the article, the consultation is a fine fashion model of presenting methods in which health services can perform in order to improve their quality of services to help child mental health patients in the future. Lastly, to draw upon the viewpoints made in the article it sooner apparent that social exclusion are viable key determinants factors that can both hinder and impact child development in a negative way.As stated in the article, it important to acknowledge the fact that children who are cared for, not neglected and grow up in a warm environment are more likely to do better in life compared to those who are neglected and experience some type of violence or abuse at a young age. Wren, Frances J, expresses this logic potently in his article insisting that primary care givers, such as the parents and clinician, of a child pass a significantly important role decreasing the chances of mental health illness such as depression in the future (Evidence 3).The close relationship between the care givers and the child will help to determine any early symptoms of mental health illness that can be prevented in the future (Evidence 3). In connection to the article, if parents sought to provide their child with the care and positive environment they need, children would be less(prenominal) likely to perform such acts like calling the children helpline to ask for help and advice when facing psychological symptoms or disorders. Moreover, they would feel more comfortable to talk to their parents and could mean a way of closing the mental illness treatment gap in medical care.Conclusion In conclusion, it is apparent that there are diverse social determinants of health that create inequalities in health, usually leading to problems like affecting the care of children with mental health illnesses. As for limitations, this analysis only focuses on three of many of Canadas standpoints in social inequalitie s in health. Moreover, despite the research and enhancement of services provided there will always be limitations due to the fact that every child differs from one another.The analysis makes a clear distinction between the social determinant of health and inequalities in health towards child mental health and development, such that there are inequalities in the child mental health spectrum that need to be evaluated and improved. As a result, the general supposition is that in order to reduce limitations in child mental health the help of primary care givers, society and organizations are needed and without them it would be impossible to reduce the effects of negatively impacting environments and early child hood development on children in the future.

Push and Pull Strategy Essay Example for Free

Push and buck Strategy EssayPush Strategy A push promotional strategy makes use of a companys sales force and deal promotion activities to bring out consumer motivation for a product. The producer promotes the product to wholesalers, the wholesalers promote it to retailers, and the retailers promote it to consumers. A good example of push selling is roving phones, where the major handset manufacturers such as Nokia promote their products via retailers such as Carphone Warehouse.Personal selling and trade promotions are often the most effective promotional tools for companies such as Nokia for example offering subsidies on the handsets to encourage retailers to sell higher volumes. A push strategy tries to sell directly to the consumer, bypassing other dissemination creases (e.g. selling insurance or holidays directly). With this type of strategy, consumer promotions and advert are the most likely promotional tools.Pull Strategy A pull selling strategy is one that requir es high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product. If the strategy is successful, consumers leave behind ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers. A good example of a pull is the heavy advertising and promotion of childrens toys mainly on television. Consider the recent BBC promotional campaign for its new pre-school program the Fimbles. Aimed at two to four-year-olds, 130 episodes of Fimbles have been made and are featured everyday on digital childrens channel CBeebies and BBC2.As part of the promotional campaign, the BBC has agreed a deal with toy maker Fisher-Price to market products establish on the show, which it hopes will emulate the popularity of the Tweenies. Under the terms of the deal, Fisher-Price will beat, manufacture and distribute a get of Fimbles products including soft, plastic and electronic learning toys for the UK and Ireland. In 200 1, BBC Worldwide (the commercial division of the BBC) achieved sales of 90m from its childrens brands and properties last year. The demand created from broadcasting of the Fimbles and a major advertising campaign is likely to pull demand from children and encourage retailers to clove pink Fimbles toys in the cut ins for Christmas 2002.Difference Between Push And Pull StrategyPush marketing is when you use conglomerate activities to get your message in front of your ideal client. The marketer is in control of what the message is, how it is seen, when and where. selling activities that encourage your prospect to seek you out and find out whether you have something of value to offer them. Pull marketing activities build relationships and can include blogging, podcasting, article marketing and networking (both on and offline).Pull marketing uses the fair play of attraction, incorporating all the components of your personal brand to attract and retain these people as your biggest fa ns. Pull marketing is where you develop advertising and promotional strategies that are meant to entice the prospect to buy your product or service. Some innocent examples are half off or bring in this coupon to save 25% or buy one get one free, etc.With pull marketing, you are trying to create a sense of increased, time limited value so that the customer will come into your store to buy. Pull is not about pulling consumers in its about giving consumers a drive to pull us in. Remember truism 1 theyre in control they (not we) decide where they go and what they experience. Weve lost the right to pull consumers anywhere (if we ever really had that right at all.)Pull kernel that we to go to them, join their communities, give them reasons to voluntarily draw us into their personal media experiences. Were not interrupting them. Theyre opting into us.