Batang Pusit

I. Introduction Batang Pusit is a story of children in Masbate who catches squid to earn a living. They work to provide their families and themselves something to eat in their everyday. Their families depend on them. These children are hardworking for the sake of their families, but even though they’re hard up in catching squids they still continue doing it because they don’t want their families to suffer from hunger. Unlike other kids who just waste their time doing things that won’t help them.With the children in the film, â€Å"Batang Pusit† they are encouraged by their parents to do well in their work as squid catchers for them to have a brighter future. II. Summary The day starts early for a group of children at a remote coastal village in Masbate, an island province in the central Philippines. Even before dawn breaks, several children and a few adults line the seashore, busily preparing their boats and nets for a day of squid fishing. Jameson, Estoy, and Jason who at a very young age were taught by their fathers to dive for squids. The residents largely depend on the sea to make a living.There are no concrete roads, water comes from deep wells, and there is no electricity. Everyday, they set out to sea. A boat crew is comprised mostly of children. The adult stays in the boat while the children do the diving. The kids wear improvised goggles and fins made of wood that are fastened to their feet by strips of rubber. The kids lure the squids into the nets by making noise hitting the water surface hard with their arms or getting rocks underwater and throwing them hard at the water surface. They then dive as the net closes in to secure the squids that were trapped in the net.After a full day at sea, each goes home with less than thirty pesos in their pockets. But for the overworked children, this is more money than they have ever known before. Most of the time however, they catch just a few not even enough to shoulder their families expenses in a day. The children say they still have time to go to their classes, walking for hours through tall grasses along hilly landscapes to reach school. Their elementary school teacher, Melchor Rojas, though, says most squid catchers report to school only once or twice each week.Squid fishing takes up the kid’s time and when its harvest or planting season, there are the teacher reports even fewer students. Of the few squid divers who are his students, Rojas expects less than half would be able to pursue higher education. The kids parents themselves seem resigned to the fact that they would never be able to send their children to school. For these children, education remains uncertain, but they maintain high hopes. Given a choice, they prefer to attend school in order to finish their education rather than spend their time at work.Every summer, the number of child squid catchers rises because they are also saving for the coming school year. The squid catchers are torn b etween studying for a better future and providing for themselves and their families. III. Reaction Children do the work of their parents to provide their needs for themselves and to give expenses to their families. Children worked hard for their families for them not to suffer from hunger. Their parents depend on their children. Children worked for their families for them to survive.I feel sad because they only go to school once or twice a week, they do not attend their classes anymore because of their work. I feel happy because at a very young age they were able to help their parents and they were able to provide their needs. They worked very hard and providing for their families. These children need time in studying than working because it helps them to achieve their goals in life. IV. Conclusion / Lesson I learned that we should be proud of what we are having right now. I learned how to be a responsible child. We must help our parents because they provide all the things that we n eed for us to have a good life.We must be thankful to our parents because they give us the opportunity to study. We must study hard so that we can achieve and reach our dreams in life in the future. We must be proud because we go to school to learn new things because it provides numerous opportunities for the development of our life. We must not waste this opportunities of going to school because some children do not study because of too much poverty. We must take this as a great opportunity for us because it only comes once, because education helps us to reach our dreams and goals in life.We must be hardworking and patient enough to study because it can make our dreams in life come true. We must not waste our time in the things that is useless and can destroy our life. We learned many good traits in our life such as discipline, obedience, and respect to elders, honesty and many more. It is our duty to acquire these qualities of life which will enable us to stand in good stead in th e future. We must pursue and do our best in all aspects of life for us to have a brighter and better future and for us not to suffer from poverty.

Marketing Management – Toyota

Toyota Motors Marketing Plan for Hybrid Vehicles by geographic location (Europe) 1. 0 Executive Summary The Toyota Motor Company continues to strive to be the global market leader in the automobile manufacturing industry. Over the years, Toyota has managed to remain the leader of this industry through its management structure, fuel efficient vehicle design and competitive pricing based on global market knowledge. Toyota has realized that environmentally conscious products were needed to ensure continued company (and sales) growth in the future.Toyota has been actively reducing its carbon footprint since 1998. Annually, Toyota has been publishing its Environmental and Social Sustainability report in order to enhance disclosure of information regarding environmental actions carried out in conjunction with its corporate activities. Through more efficient and â€Å"cleaner† production lines it has reduced its environmental impact. Toyota also seeks to be the market leader for so c alled â€Å"clean (or green) vehicles† such as Electric Vehicles, Hybrid Vehicles and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles.This marketing plan will discuss Toyota's strategy with regards to green vehicles, with particular reference to one geographical location, Europe. This Marketing plan will have a closer look at how the European Branch operates within Toyota's global structure and how it reflects Toyota's overall vision of a cleaner, more sustainable future. 1. 1 Vision Toyota realizes that its future lies in the production of environmentally conscious cars. Toyota's vision of a cleaner future revolves around two main points. Firstly, the production of vehicles that have a smaller impact on the environment.Along with â€Å"cleaner† versions of its gasoline powered cars, Toyota believes that the company's success in the present and future lies in its line of Electric, Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles. Through this line of vehicles Toyota will be actively reducing environmental impact by producing cleaner cars for consumers to use. Secondly, Toyota believes that to achieve its goals towards a cleaner future, it must continuously strive to make its production lines even cleaner. In fact, since 2002 Toyota has managed to reduce the energy used or the production of vehicles by 40%, waste products by 50% and water consumption by 70% (Toyota Motors Europe: Sustainability Report 2011). Both of the above points fall under a global philosophy called â€Å"The Toyota Way†. As analysed by Liker (Liker J. , 2004) this holistic philosophy maintains fourteen key principles which Toyota has adopted to give its customers what they want, when they want it, in the most efficient way possible whilst leaving the smallest possible carbon footprint. Toyota also believes that continual growth can be achieved by exceeding its customers' expectations.In fact the Toyota Global website(2012) states â€Å"our attitude is to anticipate and deliver to the needs of those we ser ve† 1. 2 Objectives Toyota's main objectives are stated clearly in its Sustainability Report (2011). The said report outlines a global vision, to be attained by the year 2020. Toyota's new Global Vision 2020 comprises of three main pillars: * Lead the way to the future of mobility, which is our core business. * Commit to quality, innovation, environmental protection and by doing so, make cars that people love. Engage our people's energy and passion to â€Å"Always Find a Better Way† (Toyota Motors Europe: Sustainability Report 2011) 2. 0 Current Market Summary Traditionally, Toyota's primarily focused on the US and Japanese markets. The European market is a fairly new addition to Toyota's Sales portfolio. Although the European market for cars has seen a steady decline in recent years, Toyota currently holds a 4. 2% share of the total car market. In 2011 total sales in Europe amounted to 822,386, 10% of which were Hybrid vehicles. 2. 1 Market NeedsThrough Customer Relati onship Management and market research, Toyota has established a new set of characteristics it's vehicles need to satisfy in order to reach the Global Vision 2020. Toyota has determined it's cars need to be: * Of high quality and reliability thus requiring infrequent maintenance. * Widely affordable, including increased affordability of Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid vehicles. * Silent in a world which is increasingly aware of noise pollution. * Easy to use, with particular reference to simplified user interfacing on new Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid vehicles * Clean.Even if in a traditional gasoline engine model emissions need to be kept to an absolute minimum. Whilst identifying the need for â€Å"cleaner† cars, Toyota has also launched the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) demo project in 18 European countries. This project involves a limited production line of 200 PHEV vehicles which are being road tested by customers in 18 European countries till 2013. So far the project has already increased awareness of PHEV cars and provided crucial data with regards to technical performance and customer satisfaction.This data will be used in the near future to launch a large scale PHEV production line. Toyota realises the importance of its customers time. The increasing use of the internet, especially in the early stages of a purchase, has made the company's website an important asset. Therefore an updated website will all models, colours, specifications and options is of vital importance. 2. 2 Market Growth Despite the afore mentioned drop in car sales in Europe, Toyota has managed to sustain a positive growth within this market. Toyota aims to increase its European market share from 4. % to 4. 5% ( 835,000 vehicles sold) in 2012. In 2011 its Hybrid sales amounted to 10% of the total sales figure. Toyota seeks to increase this to 14% in 2012 and up to as much as 20% in 2013/14 (Reuters: 5th March 2012). To do so, Toyota has re-designed some of its more popular mode ls (Yaris and Auris) and has offered them in both traditional gasoline engines and Hybrid configuration. To further maximise growth in the Hybrid and Plug-In sector, many of Toyota's European distributors have started offering very advantageous finance schemes on these models.This means that a customer no longer needs to go through the bank to purchase a new car. 2. 3 Market Segmentations Toyota's European Market is vastly diverse and requires heavy segmentation. Each market segment requires separate market research, a separate marketing strategy and a separate product offering all together. When segmenting the European market one has to take the following considerations: * Age of the target consumer * Social Standing * Occupation and thus purchasing power * Educational background * Other cultural and socio-economic factorsFor the purposes of this plan we shall conduct a socio-demographic segmentation. Market segments may include : * Young ,trendy people who opt for small, inexpensi ve, cheap to run vehicles. this segment is also very environmentally conscious. * Young adults with higher spending power who opt for small saloon, small SUV's/mini-vans and 4Ãâ€"4 vehicles. This segment is also very environmentally conscious but less so than the young trendy people * Middle aged adults who are better off and can afford higher end vehicles such as large saloons and high end 4Ãâ€"4 vehicles.This segment is less environmentally conscious and therefore less likely to invest in a Hybrid or PHEW vehicle unless these become trendy to own. * Mature adults who are about to retire or have retired from work. This segment looking for comfort and practicality while still maintaining style. Depending on their occupation and ability to save(throughout their career), their spending power will vary. This segment is the least environmentally conscious. Other market segments include small, medium and large business organisations for which Toyota has developed a range of trucks and vans of various sizes and payload capacity. . 4 SWOT Analysis Strengths * Toyota has firmly placed itself as one of the leading car manufacturers in the world and is also steadily gaining ground in Europe. Toyota's reputation for quality and reliability has help to breach and gain a foothold in the European automobile market. * Toyota is on the forefront of cutting edge technology and is the leading manufacturer for Hybrid vehicles in Europe and aims to further increase sales of Hybrids and PHEV in the next 2 years. * The Toyota Way of management continues to advocate efficiency in the production, distribution and sales of Toyota vehicles.Toyota's continues drive towards efficiency has led to a reduction in cost of production/distribution/sales * Toyota's Sustainability Report informs partners, distributors, employees and customers of the company's commitment to a cleaner future. This further reinforces Toyota's Corporate Social Responsibility in the minds of all third parties. * Th e company has a highly skilled workforce * Wide distribution network through clearly marked Toyota stores and other authorised distributors allowing potential customers easy access to the company's vehicles Weaknesses * Toyota's size as an organisation is in itself a weakness.The scale of the company presents different sets of challenges. The decision making process may be slower than in other organisations due to the sheer size of the management structure. * A wide distribution network requires a large workforce dedicated to logistics and distribution which can be quite expensive. * A weakness can also be identified in the supply chain for hybrid vehicles in Europe. Even though hybrid Yaris and Auris models are produced in Britain (and as of April 2012, also in France) almost all of the parts used to make these vehicles have to be imported.This will increase the overall cost per unit, therefore reducing competitiveness. (Reuters 5th March 2012) * Toyota owns and runs 8 manufacturin g plants, 14 parts centres and 9 vehicle logistic centres in Europe. These plants and centres have high fixed costs. With an expected 5% decrease in the demand for cars in Europe, these plants' fixed costs may become a long term burden on Toyota Europe and may decrease profitability. Opportunities * Being on the forefront of hybrid and PHEV technology, Toyota is an ideal position to strengthen its hold on this market segment and increase overall sales in Europe.In fact sales targets for 2013/14 for hybrid vehicles are initially set at 14% and 20% at a later stage. Various governments are imposing lower licensing fees on hybrid vehicles thus providing the perfect incentive for consumers to opt for a Toyota hybrid model * Soaring fuel prices are driving consumers to look for alternative modes of transport. Toyota's hybrid and PHEV vehicles are very fuel efficient thus providing Toyota with the perfect opportunity to increase its market share. * Toyota plans to start manufacturing part s for hybrid and PHEV in Europe once sales reach 150,000 hybrid vehicles per year.At present, these parts are imported from Asia and the US. The production of parts in Europe would bring significant savings in transport and logistical costs which would bring a lower cost per unit and in term allow Toyota to be even more competitive with its prices. This would also put Toyota in a position to offer maintenance services to its customers at a lower price. Threats * In recent years Toyota has had to recall millions of vehicles due to defective brakes, suspensions and accelerator units. Recalls have cost Toyota millions of dollars in the past and they continue to be a costly problem in the present and foreseeable future.Recalls can also have a negative effect on brand equity and effect sales growth in the long term. * New brands could increase competition and erode Toyota's sales. New entrants from Korea, China and India are providing various market offerings, at different levels of qual ity and at increasingly competitive prices. * Soaring fuel prices and raw material prices could have a negative impact on costs of production and distribution therefore further reducing profitability. * Economic factors such as the global recession in the last 3/4 years and the lack of consumer confidence in banking institutions will have a negative effect on sales.In recent years, unemployment rates have risen in Europe making selling expensive commodities, such as cars, even harder. 2. 5 Competition The Automobile industry is in itself a fiercely competitive industry. Even more so in the European market place due to the numerous European car manufacturers. Toyota faces stiff competition from most European car makers as they market and sell the bulk of their products in Europe. Therefore when it comes to purchasing a car, the European consumer has many more product offerings to chose from. Most of the European car makers have developed entire fleets of cars to suite different budge ts, demographics and astes. In Europe, specifications such as miles per gallon, design features and retail price, have become battle grounds for car manufacturers. Toyota also faces a socio-cultural challenge: European car manufacturers take pride in the fact that their cars are designed and built in Europe for Europeans. This, in a way, can prove to be an advantage for brands such as BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen. These brands can give the perception of being able to understand the European consumer's needs better than their Asian and American counterparts. Toyota also faces stiff competition from other Asian manufacturers such as Kia, Hyundai and Honda.These manufacturers have also realised the importance of maximising fuel efficiency (with particular emphasis to small urban/city cars). Asia manufacturers have also been able to compete when it comes to retail price. Labour is relatively cheap in certain parts of Asia, thus allowing Asian manufacturers to keep costs of producti on low and passing on the savings to its customers. Competition has also risen due to new entrants into the European market. American giant General Motors launched Chevrolet Europe in 2005. Chevrolet have redesigned product offerings and created new product offerings to suit the European market.

Finance and accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance and accounting - Essay Example These will be the history, revenues and the major operations of the particular business. One of the globe’s biggest confectionery business is called Cadbury and besides its being one of the world’s largest it occupies the first or the second position in about 20 of the global 50 largest confectionery markets. It also holds position one as the most vastly spread as well as largest upcoming markets business as far as confectionery companies are concerned. It is home to approximately 45,000 employees as well as having direct business operations in around 60 nations. Cadbury Company was founded in 1824, courtesy of John Cadbury. He began by selling cocoa and tea in the United Kingdom. The operations of the company revolve around gum, chocolate and candy today. Some of the brands going across the globe, local and regional areas as favourites are with the inclusion of Flake, Dairy milk, Green & Black in chocolate, Crease Egg, Dentyne and Trident among others. As per 2009’s half annual results, the revenue of the business base improved by 4%. The 4% growth was as a result of a sturdy growth in the sales of chocolate while the trends showed improving candy and gum business. These half year results of revenue from confectionery business were shared as follows: On the other hand, there is the Standard Chartered Bank which was established in the year 1869 following a merger of Standard Bank and Chartered Bank. Thus, Standard Bank was founded in 1863 in British South Africa while the Chartered in 1853 in India, China and Australia. The aim of the two companies was to maximise upon expanding largely on trade and to gain worthwhile profits through financing the goods movement across Asia, Africa and Europe. This bank has a branch network translating to about 1,600 branches as well as outlets and around 5,500 Automated Teller Machines in well above 70

Gender Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Gender Issues - Essay Example Women can now be seen in the office working as colleagues to their male counterparts and even taking up managerial positions with the opposite sex as their subordinates. The transition that has led to this equality has not been a smooth nor easy one however, and it has taken a lot of lobbying and politics for women to achieve the equality that they rightly deserve. Gender equality has also brought up new issues in terms of the roles that the different genders are supposed to take up now as the traditional perceptions have been shelved in favor of the new age era where most responsibilities can be looked upon as unisex in nature. Though the equality that has been achieved by women has been welcomed, issues still remain such as the fact that this does not change their sex and women still want to be appreciated as women. The issue of equality comes in when dealing with the subject of respect, women simply want to be given the same respect offered to the opposite gender, but that does not imply that they want to be treated like their male counterparts (Sommers 134). They still wanted to be treated like a lady despite their new found independence in the modern world, in issues such as going out on dates a man is still expected to play the role of a gentleman and pick up the tab, open doors for their companion and the various other gestures of affection that they have been accorded over the past (Caroll 45). This is to say that despite the equality between the two genders that has been gained, differences are still in existense and they should not be overlooked. For example, men are still considered to be physica lly stronger than their counterparts and energy draining tasks such as heavy lifting should not be given to a woman likely to be smaller in stature simply because women are now considered to be equal to men. The gender issues that are now being faced as a result of this equality has also led to several issues that need to be looked into if

Chipotle and Five Guys- Competitive strategy Essay

Chipotle and Five Guys- Competitive strategy - Essay Example On the other hand, Chipotle Mexican Grill is quickly growing as a consequence of the same reasons why the best burger chains thrive. It was at some point under McDonald’s ownership but spun off to develop and operate restaurants selling Mexican food that is fast and casual. Five Guys has been stated to conduct no advertising but delivers consistent great customer experiences that has enabled them to develop a word-of-mouth buzz that attracts more customers into their restaurants (Boone and Kurtz 453). Even though Five Guys began as a family-run burger restaurant, it now has more than one thousand franchises all over the US (Motz 65). From the time a customer enters a Five Guys, the intent of the restaurant is clear as it seeks to make the burger the customer will order the best they have ever had. All companies have chances of having a shared passion with their customers and Five Guys seek seeks for burger fanatics through giving free peanuts and sandwich toppings that result in half a million different choices of an ideal meal. Different from other restaurants that operate in the same industry, Five Guys’ kitchen can clearly be seen by its customers so that they can watch their burgers as they are made. Additionally, the stores do not have free zers so that all the burgers can be made from fresh beef. Additionally, has an excellent customer experience through their secret shoppers, which instead of concentrating on its deficiencies, the secret shopper entails amplifying success and ensuring that staff, have excellent exchanges with the customers (Hatten and Coulter 409). This is a result of a company-wide regulation on the creation of fanatic repeat customers, who can download desktop wallpapers or purchase and wear branded Five Guys’ merchandise from the company’s website. This support can be viewed on the bulletin boards in the stores as well as an active Facebook community that

Exemplification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Exemplification - Essay Example The court’s decision to exempt a student wearing a nose stud, stating the effective day to day running of the school would not affected (Lenta, par. 1). The government’s concern in implementing anti-discrimination laws devoid of immunity seems far stronger. A declaration for release from anti-discrimination laws looks in one respect more directly to look like the claim in Christian Education in South Africa versus The Ministry of Justice. In Christian education, the right of a learner not to undergo physical punishment at the hands of teachers was held to assist the wish of religious teachers to impose physical punishment in agreement with their spiritual convictions. The rationale behind the law banning unjust discrimination aims to guard all peoples’ right to equality, a basic right. In cases where religious groupings take on work-related discrimination on grounds banned to profitable enterprises draw little antagonism. In South Africa, anti-discrimination law forbids work-related discrimination on forbidden grounds, for example, sexual orientation, gender, race, and religion (Lenta, par. 2). However, in at least one circumstance churches should be allowed to discriminate. They should be permitted to apply religious standards in the selection of entrants for appointment to sacerdotal office. Nevertheless, the right of churches to keep on work-related prejudice on barred grounds does not stop there. Many are apologetic for the keeping out of women from the Catholic priesthood. People who have given consideration to the issue concur that anti-discrimination laws should not be summoned to stop this gender bias. This is because anti-discrimination laws should not be applied to stop such bias. Religious groups have a right to control their own dealings in accordance with the beliefs of members via their churches. Thus, freedom of religion as well as associational independence stresses as much (Lenta, par.

Fed Watch QE End and First Rate Hike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fed Watch QE End and First Rate Hike - Essay Example The central bank in effect increases the monetary base. The need for changes in monetary policy arises from a failing policy or one that is not effective in creating the economic impact required. According to the information gathered and the specific economic signs available, chances are high that several hikes will materialize in the year 2015. Considering various studies conducted on the same, 38 respondents that included analysts, money managers, and economists, there looms a possibility of a hike in the rate in 2015. According to the information gathered, the hike will result in steeper interest rate increases in the coming years. The survey indicates that the rates will hike to a high of 3.04% by the end of 2017 (Liesman). When this takes effect, the Feds take a longer time normalizing the rates based on the need for constant review the rates in consideration of the effect they create. The application of an expansionary monetary policy reaches a point of failure when the interest rates on the short-term run towards zero. These explain situations that quantitative easing becomes applicable. Quantitative easing applied during these periods of low-interest rates aids in improving the inflation rate and reducing its effect. Quantitative easing aids in stabilizing inflation and controlling the rate to maintain it within the targeted points of the economy. These are accompanied by the improvement of the economic policies to make the economic policy more effective in helping the central bank take action against deflation. The increased money supply in an economy with less interest affects the money supply. The banks will run low on money to lend and have their reserves risk lowering further due to a high money supply in the market and uncontrolled demand. To reduce these effects, the central bank hikes the rates and mops out the excess liquidity from the market to aid in improving the economic situation. In addition, a high-interest rate reflects a decreased

The Gender Classifications in Contemporary Social Ideology Assignment

The Gender Classifications in Contemporary Social Ideology - Assignment Example It centers on a biological disparity of surface objectification and splendor, taking people into the two-way terrain of identity individuals, and dictates power relations (Jhally 2009, 3). The film concentrates mainly on the fundamental importance of gender, power, and the people’s discernment of what it means to be a male or a female (Jhally 2009, 3). Question 2: Using the word ‘man’ to refer to male and female The term man is derived from the older version of English; its structure had a default meaning ‘the mature male’. The logical thinker uses it to refer to both male and female (Beauvoir 1977, 13). This supposedly portrays chauvinism despite its unique understanding. The logical thinking of why both male and female are referred to as Man follows that; the word men stands for thinking. This means that man is a thinker– male and female are thinkers. This terms them both like men. The general meaning of man has gone down but still endured in different ways like mankind, human and is now mostly seen as ancient, with the word used almost entirely to refer to mature male (Beauvoir 1977, 13). Question 3: Connection between sexes (physiological categories of male and female) Simone De Beauvoir’s recognition holds in her revolutionary magnum opus, The Second Sex. The book still counts as an opening text in philosophy, feminism, plus women’s studies. The book suggests that females have been put in an oppressive relation with the male species. It terms female as the man’s other (Beauvoir 1977, 13). Beauvoir’s discovery in her investigation into woman’s condition states that; they consistently will be referred to as the other by a man who assumes the position of the person. She explains women to be the absolute opposite of what they thought men to be. This means; she stands as secondary, inessential, unlike the man who they thought to be essential. The connection lays in the belief that being a male means being the subject, and when one is a female, she is referred to as ‘the other’ (Beauvoir 1977, 13). Question 4: Classes and race A recent observation proved women to be placed in island settings. It associates itself with harmonious nature; women have often been put in ads soaking up the rays and warmth of the sun. They do this in an obedient position: lying on the beach (Williamson 1978, 385). Williamson wished to prove that like islands, men ruled over women and oppressed them for toil and resources. She termed women as vacation sites. Men, on the other hand, have in the past been more often related to mountains. Unlike the beach, the mountains portray physical strength. Nature assumed on cliffs and rock arrangement appears tough and uncompromising. Climbing mountain proves females also to be physically and mentally tough, able to negotiate risk, and be successful. The female executive dynamically looks for risks since it tackles ideas of challenging the women to rise up (Williamson 1978, 385). Question 5: Becoming a female Beauvoir's ample work brought up interesting issues in many individuals; what concerns people most in the context rotates around her view of the speculation of subjectivity and identity. People remember her for her well-known declaration, that one is not born but rather becomes a woman.

Leadership DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example The purpose of this study is for me, as an emerging leader, to understand the development process of becoming the leader I wish to be in the future, in my case as finance director. This understanding is to be underpinned by leadership theories. This study will help me to determine what abilities, values and skills I require to reach my goal. Also to examine if my experiences and characteristics from my past will aid me to reach my goal. As a child I did not have any burdens at all. I grew up in safe and small Stockholm, Sweden, in a well-educated, well-grounded family. As the youngest child in the family I was treated as a little princess, with no responsibilities. At the age of 15, I moved abroad by myself to study at the Swedish school in London. Among the new friends I had gathered I quickly became a leader for the first time in my life. As a leader within my friends in London I felt a great responsibility, I made sure everyone was safe and happy. This was the first time I saw myself as a leader, and understood that I possessed some personal characteristics and traits of a leader. From the perspective of the Great Man approach, I could see that I stood out from the rest of my friends. I was very self-confident, I was more independent then others (I lived by myself, while others lived in host families). My knowledge of my studies, the city and the nightlife there were greater than my friends. I saw things from an optimistic point of view, acted with integrity, had an inner drive and a strong desire to excel. The fact that I recognized a duty to care for my friends, that valued their thoughts and feelings and that I was able to garner their t rust all show my qualities as a leader (Daft, 2008). After a few years l began my education at Glion. I unwillingly left my safe zone, Stockholm, where my mother was dying of cancer. and I had to embark on a

Research Methods Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Methods - Research Paper Example According to Zwass, electronic commerce is defined as â€Å"the sharing of business information, maintaining of business relationships, and conducting of business transactions by means of telecommunications networks†. The electronic commerce activities are inter-organisational processes of market-based sell-buy relationships and collaboration, consumer oriented activities, and inter-organisational processes that support them (Zwass). The innovation diffusion theory by Rogers has been widely applied as a theoretical framework to analyse adoption of technology. The framework identified five factors which influence adoption of technology in organisations. These factors are relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability. Relative advantage is defined as â€Å"the degree to which an innovation is perceived as being better than the idea it supersedes†. Compatibility is defined as â€Å"the degree to which an innovation is perceived as consisten t with the existing values, past experiences, and needs of potential adopters†. Complexity is defined as â€Å"the degree to which an innovation is perceived as relatively difficult to understand and use†. ... This study therefore seeks to identify the factors that influence adoption of e-commerce in organisations using Rogers’ model. Research Questions 1. What is the effect of relative advantage on adoption of e-commerce? 2. Does compatibility affect adoption of e-commerce? 3. What is the effect of complexity on adoption of e-commerce? 4. Does trialability affect adoption of e-commerce? 5. What is the effect of observability on adoption of e-commerce? Research Objectives The objectives of this study are: 1. To examine the effect of relative advantage on adoption of e-commerce. 2. To determine the effect of compatibility on adoption of e-commerce. 3. To assess the effect of complexity on adoption of e-commerce. 4. To examine the effect of trialability on adoption of e-commerce. 5. To determine the effect of observability on adoption of e-commerce. Significance of the Study This study is very important to organisations in Saudi Arabia as well as other Arab countries. The results of t his study will be very valuable in informing the management of these retail stores on how a number of factors will influence adoption of e-commerce for those who wish to do so. The study is also important to government agencies in charge of policy-making decisions. The study will provide valuable recommendations on how regulation of e-commerce should be carried out based on the results on the adoption factors of e-commerce. The policy recommendations will therefore help come up with solutions that will address the challenges of e-commerce among retailers. Researchers will also find this study valuable source information as a reference material as well as act as a basis for

Utos Ng Hari Essay Example for Free

Utos Ng Hari Essay â€Å"I was once a student.† I was 4 years old when I first entered kindergarten. I remember those times before going to school, my father would tell me to play and mingle with my classmates, be friendly, and not have fight with anyone. Then my mother would say that I should listen to our teacher so I can get stars and expect an award from her if I would do really well. Being a kid, I never questioned why I have to do all of those. I just thought that maybe, those were the best things I must do. Since then, I assumed that maybe that’s how simple the essence of life is to socialize, excel, and make my parents proud of me. As I get older, things get rough. These three are not that easy to achieve anymore. People are not homogenous creatures. We all have our own shades and contours that sometimes we cannot control the things how they we like them to be. I have found out that life is not easy. Biases, prejudices, and judgments are forming nimbus clouds in the atmosphere. I hate that look people give to me. You know the look they give to me after I just explained what I want to be and what I want to do. There are a lot of obstructions along the way. Some will humiliate me. Others even bury me with all those discriminations and seem to condemn me of a serious crime. I really believe that most of the issues I have with myself are there because of other people’s influences. I was not insecure before someone told me I was not worthy of something. When making major changes or big decisions in our lives, we tend to look to the opinions of others for guidance; and there’s nothing inherently wrong with that. Sometimes we need another viewpoint, and there are usually people in our lives whose opinions are really significant for us. Our culture is one in which people are accustomed to spending a great amount of time doing things to prove themselves to others– it’s present in everything from social media to how we choose to have fun, dress up, spend our weekends, and affiliate ourselves with others. This is a huge barrier to get over, but nobody should have the power to change how we feel about ourselves. The truth is that these people only know us as the people we have been up until now. We are the only ones capable of knowing what the next step should be in our lives. Sometimes people don’t know what’s best for us. There are so many people and so many opinions in the world; we’ll spend the rest of our lives in a state of sustained uncertainty if we don’t ground ourselves in what we know to be true. Now, I am no longer a student who just formally engages in learning and enrolls in a school or college; obey whatever the professors will tell her to do in order for her to get high grades but rather, I am a student who takes her baggage in distinct sizes: big or small with her, in her infinite faà §ade.

Decentralised Service Provisions: Summary and Evaluation

Decentralised Service Provisions: Summary and Evaluation The value of de-centralised provision of  Public Services Introduction Gordon Brown, likely to become Prime Minister in mid-2007, has been known to consider decentralisation of public services an important factor of local community government (Simon Jenkins 2007). Public services are defined as those goods that are provided for the benefit of the whole community and from which no individual can be excluded. The main question however, is whether these services are more efficiently administered through and decentralised authority and, if so, what size of local organisation is required to achieve these objectives. Efficiency of local public service provision Provision of public services through local authorities in the twentieth century developed because it was not possible for Parliament and its twenty-one ministers to maintain control of these factors (Jones and Stewart 1983, p.10). In recent decades, because of improvement in communication and cost reduction, more responsibility for public services has been decentralised (Doherty and Horne 2002, p.104) because it is seen to be an efficient method. Indeed, Bentham (1973, p.216-20) argues that local and regional levels of government are the only way to ensure that efficient public services can be delivered. Efficiency is measured by two factors, being the perception of the consumers to whom the service is rendered and the cost efficiency of the process. In terms of the consumer, a report conducted by the Lyons inquiry found that the consensus of local communities deemed local authorities to be more efficient suppliers of most public services than central government. For example, as can be seen from graphs 20 and 25 of the report (see figures 1 and 2), the majority felt that local authorities would provide a service more appropriate to local needs, in the latter case relating particularly to the area of local transport. A similar percentage (graph 29) felt that community policing would be managed more effectively and efficiently by local authorities than through a centralised body. The same community response was found with many other areas of public services, including education, with a key element in this efficiency process being measured by the fact that the authority was in a better position to communicate with their local community and understand the local environment. Furthermore, the communities surveyed that local authorities are more appropriate managers of funds than central government and should be able to determine, collect and administer their own revenue, with many of the participants supporting locally raised income taxes or charging for specific services. For example, as can be seen on page 75 of the same report, most were of the opinion that local authorities should set and retain the local business rates, not submit it to central government as at present happens. The summary findings of the Lyons Inquiry (page 2), agreed the above that, in terms of the delivery of public services, local authorities were the most efficient and effective method of ensuring that the needs and requirements of the local community were met. In the past, one of the main criticisms of local authorities was that they had become too bureaucratic and therefore cost inefficient. The levels of employees and other resources used, far exceeded the requirements of the services being provided. Furthermore, the impression was that the organisations were devouring a disproportionate percentage of the funding being raised through rates and grants. This public perception was one of the main reasons for the controversy that surrounded the ill-fated community charge and that has led to concerns over the increasing level of council taxes. Although the Secretary of State for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (2001) suggested that the size of local authorities is not an issue, this is clearly not the case. Whilst it is not possible to identify a set size for a particular local authority, as with any other organisation there is clearly a need to for service provider to ensure that the cost of provision does not result in an unacceptable cost attracting to the consumer of the service. Efficiency equally applies to the structure of the authority as well. One way to ensure that the authority remains resource efficient is to implement quality controls, such as the ISO 9000 standard that in 2002 had been introduced into some departments of approaching a quarter of local authorities throughout the UK (Docherty and Horne 2002, p.148). Furthermore, it is the task of the Audit Commission is to monitor the efficiency of both the services provided and the provider. In the case of the latter, it is incumbent upon the commission to ensure that resources are not wasted. The size of the authority can thus be measured by the ability of the authority to deliver the public services and goods to the members of the community through the efficient use of the appropriate level of resources. Conclusion The members of the public and Lyons are agreed that the local authority is the most efficient method of delivering public services. However, it is important that this service is provided by an organisation that is of an appropriate size, as measured by its own internal efficiencies. References Bentham, J (1973). Bent ham’s Political Thought. Croom Helm. London, UK. Doherty, Tony and Horne, Terry (2002). Managing Public Services: Implementing Change. Routledge. London, UK. Jenkins, Simon (2007). Public services with a heart. The Sunday Times. London, UK Jones, George. and Stewart, John (1983). The Case for Local Government. Allen and Unwin. London, UK. Lyons, Sir Michael (2007). Place-shaping: a shared ambition for the future of local government. Final Report. HMSO. London, UK. Lyons, Sir Michael (2006). Lyons Inquiry – Public Deliberation Events. Retrieved 3 May 2007 from http://www.lyonsinquiry.org.uk/docs/061120-consultation-public.pdf Secretary of State for Transport, Local Governments and the Regions (2001). Strong Local Leadership – Quality Public Services. HMSO. Retrieved 3 May 2007 from http://www.communities.gov.uk/pub/215/StronglocalleadershipQualitypublicservicesDTLR2001PartOne_id1165215.pdf YOTEL: Analysis of Innovation Practices YOTEL: Analysis of Innovation Practices 1.1 YOTEL YOTEL is audaciously described by its founders as a revolutionary new hotel conceptà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ creating a stir in the hotel industry. The companys concept and execution can be translated into the same entrepreneurial initiative that has been driven many leading organisations in hospitality, tourism and events over the years. Creative entrepreneurs with the vision, courage and knowledge to put their concepts into place dominate the history of tourism. (Middleton et al., 2009). YOTEL was created by YO! Company founder Simon Woodroffe and Gerard Greene, YOTEL current CEO. It is the accommodation brand of the Yo! Company Group founded in 1997 by Simon Woodroffe with the creation of his first brand of restaurants YO! Sushi. The accommodation brand concept was inspired by the capsule hotels in Japan and BA First Class cabins. In 2002, Simon Woodroffe, already interested in the Japanese capsule hotels, was upgraded to a first class sleeper cabin. He decided then to melt luxury airline travel with Japanese capsule hotels and convert them into small but luxurious cabins for implementation at airport locations. Gerard Greene, a former hotel analyst and executive with Hyatt and Marriott hotels, evolved that idea into reality with YOTEL. The concept has the intention to deliver economies of scale within a minimum volume of space and a outstanding and comfortable consumer experience at a relative very competitive price (Middleton et al., 2009) In summer 2007, the company opened a 46-cabin YOTEL in London Gatwick Airport, succeeded by a 32-cabin YOTEL at Heathrow Airport in the winter of the same year. (YOTEL Limited., 2008) YOTEL at Amsterdam Schiphol opened in Summer 2008 and a 669-capsule site will open in New York City in 2011. Since 2005, IFA (International Financial Advisors) Hotels Resorts is the major investor in the company. In 2008, YOTELs CEO acknowledge an affiliation Memorandum of Understanding with ADNH (Abu Dhabi National Hotels) in order to expand YOTEL also in the capital of the United Arab Emirates. Two YOTELs are going to be built in the International Airport and in city centre of Abu Dhabi, and other locations are also under negotiation. (IFA Hotels Resorts, 2007). As Simon Woodroffe comprehend the holy grail of retail today is to constantly and never endingly innovate in order to deliver high luxury without the high cost (YOTEL Limited, 2008). Competitors will unavoidability come to the market with innovations or ameliorations of existing products which will change the basis of competition: for this reason the ability to create, evolve and adapt is indispensable for any business to stay alive. The companys concept as well as the founders values and culture, suggests that the company is potentially innovative. 1.2 Report Structure The present report aim to identify and explore past, current and future innovation practices of YOTEL. Since the organisation was not created long ago it will concentrate mostly on the current and future practices. In particular the structure and content of the report is as follows: Part 2 YOTEL Current Innovation Practices. This first part will evaluate YOTELs existing innovation practices and how YOTEL shows signs of innovation in its sector. Evidence of how it appears to be innovative is supported by innovation theory. Part 3 YOTEL Future Innovation Practices. This part will appraise which innovations YOTEL might create and adopt in order to meet its future strategic needs. Propositions for possible ameliorations for the organisations are made here. This section will therefore consider YOTEL objectives, as well as New Product Development theories and WWW innovations in order to make appropriate and logical recommendations for the company. Part 4 Impacts of proposed Innovation upon YOTELs performance. This forth part is where the potential impacts of the recommendations made are considered. Advises and information about the consequences of the changes proposed are given for the attention of YOTELs management team. Part 5 Summary and Conclusions. This final part contains a brief summary of the report, as well as a conclusion based on the arguments presented. 2. YOTEL Current Innovation Practices Innovation is the act of creating a new product or process. This includes invention as well as the work required to bring an idea or concept into final form. An innovation may have various degrees of newness, from very little to highly discontinuous, but that must include at least some degree of newness to the market, not just to the firm (Crawford, 1994, pg. 472). As Crawfords definition suggests, innovation is a complex process which involves organisations effective management of activities such as idea generation, technology development and commercial exploitation. Schumpeter (1934) was among the first economists to recognize the importance of innovation for organisations to obtain long-term economic growth. His evolutionary theory has seen how companies success in the past, present and future lies in their capability to obtain and employ knowledge and apply this to the development of new products. Figure 1.1 Interactive model of innovation Source: Trott, 2008 adapted from B. Rothwell and W. Zegvelt (1985) Reindustrialisation and Technology, Longman, London. Overall innovation is a complex and continuous process which consists in transferring knowledge from different communication paths. These paths include external and internal linkages. In order for innovation to occur, there must be an interaction between the marketplace/customers needs, the latest sciences and technology advances in society and the organisations capabilities. Organisations able to manage this process will have successful innovation practices. In its past three years of life, YOTEL has demonstrate a good capability on managing the innovation process. It has been able to do so, using different types of innovation. As Trott (2008, pg.16) explain, there are seven different typologies of innovation: product, process, organisational, management, production, marketing and service innovation. 2.1 YOTEL Product Innovations 2.2 YOTEL Commercial/Marketing Innovations 2.3 YOTEL Service Innovations This part of the report will evaluate in which of these types of innovation YOTEL gives evidence of being innovative. YOTEL introduced in the hospitality market a new revolutionary concept inspired by the capsule hotels in Japan and BA First Class cabins: guest rooms, which are compact in size and incorporate multi-functional sofa beds and fold out study desks. The cabins have a design feature that means the windows are internal rather than external and through effective reflective lightening look out into corridors. YOTEL product innovation consists in a hotel which needs relatively small volume of space within airports. The type of hotel the company has introduces, was completely innovative in its market. Even if capsule hotels already existed in Japan, YOTEL has been the first hotel located inside a UK airport terminal. Moreover YOTEL differentiates itself from Japanese capsule hotels, sicne it is more luxurious and offers a wider range of comforts. Its rooms are larger than those in capsule hotels but are very small relative to traditional hotel rooms. The positive advance about YOTEL concept, is that it needs basic requirement. A YOTEL does not require space for parking, access on roads which other normal hotel do require. Moreover all the basic requirements for heating, lightening, water and lavatory provision are already immediately available at airports. But YOTEL is not innovative just in the product its offering, but also in its services. stylish yet affordable rooms. The aim of YOTEL is to provide a flexible and convenient business class hotel experience at affordable prices. The company aim therefore to combine luxurious and modern with affordable prices. This is an innovative practice since most of the hotels whicha re perceived as luxurious and modern are usually also very expensive. Moreover YOTEL does not combine luxurious with low prices, but also with small romm environment. The company referes in fact to his rooms with the world cabins. The idea was inspired by 1st class airlines cabins. Which category Lovelock, how would you classify Yotel product? What degree of risk with this NPD>? LUXURY AT LOW COST: magical formula Shower and Nap Combo: At London Heathrow, London Gatwick, and Amsterdam Schiphol, Yotel cabins can be rented in four-hour blocks. (No, its not that kind of hotel.) The podlike rooms (from $40/4 hr.) are tiny but comfy, with private baths and storage units. A virtuos circle of innovation (Trott, 2008: 96-98) (Categories of new products, link with innovation practices of YOTEL) [2] Room sizes are Premium (double), Twin (2 large singles, bunk style) and Standard (large single). Each features en suite bathrooms, flat screen televisions, free Wi-Fi, and 24 hour room service.[3] In his study of The Economic of Industrial Innovation, Christopher Freeman (1982) wrote that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦not to innovate is to die. Adaption and change are essential for companies in order to survive. Competitors will unavoidability come to the market with an innovation that changes the basis of competition: for this reason the ability to create, evolve and adapt is indispensable for any business to stay alive. The big dilemma of doing this within an organisation stays in the fact that innovating demands stability in order to be carried out efficiently and flexibility in order to create opportunities for creative thinking. Managing the tension between the need for creativity in a loose and flexible environment and the need for efficiency in a stable and controlled environment is therefore very important for organisations (Trott, 2008). Organisations have also to manage uncertainty and know how to respond to internal and external events, some of which cannot be controlled. Some examples of external challenges facing organisation in the innovation process are customer demands, new purchasing models, falling prices, early supply involvement, collaborative ventures, customer-supplier value chain and post release improvements (Ahmed and Shepherd, 2010, pg. 474). Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need is considered as a product. (Find another definition of PRODUCT) Yotel products, as any hospitality, events and tourism products, are service products delivering intangible experiences. Hospitality products are very diverse and customers are involved in the production process. Since people are part of the product process, these kinds of products are harder to evaluate. (Write about Scope of Hospitality products Hospitality Business Development) A new product is A good, service or idea that is perceived by some potential customers as new (Kotler et al., 2004, p.215). In simple terms innovation refers to any good, service or idea that is perceived by someone as novel or new (Kotler et al., 2002, p.215). A new product is a product being introduced to the market for the first time as a result of invention, innovation or improvement ( Keegan et al., 1995, p.418) (Change this definition) YOTEL CASE STUDIES http://unicenta.net/casestudy_yotel.aspx http://www.computing.co.uk/ctg/feature/1843555/case-study-yotel http://www.lorientuk.com/case-studies/yotel-london/ http://images.businessweek.com/ss/09/07/0720_budget_lodging/15.htm

Globalization: Developmental Boon Or Bane?

Globalization: Developmental Boon Or Bane? Years ago, globalization was the curious buzzword which was viewed with much optimism by much of the world, including the poor and underdeveloped nations . The merging of the worlds economies promised great opportunities for growth and development especially for Third World economies. Today, there are two prevailing sentiments on globalization: either that globalization has resulted to prosperity for the poor nations or that it has resulted to the prosperity of the rich at expense of the worlds poor (Irogbe, 2005). This paper posits that while globalization have provided a range of benefits for underdeveloped nations, the wheels of globalization has led to the widening poverty gap, the deterioration of national economies, marginalization of the South, cultural homogenization, and environmental degradation. Main Features of Globalization Globalization is a complex process which has many facets: economic, political and cultural. To understand this more concretely, discussed are the main features of globalization from the perspective of the developing world and how it is concretely manifested. Looking at globalization from a Third World lens is crucial to our understanding of it (Yotopoulous Romano, 2007). This is because, when viewed from the perspective of the First World, it is easy to appreciate the obvious benefits of globalization. For instance, globalization has enabled Americans to get hold of a wide range of products and services from all over the world. The margining of the worlds economies have allowed us to enjoy goods previously inaccessible to us because of high cost: for instance, fruits such as pineapples, bananas, and mangoes that is not homegrown in the United States. We can listen to world music, Africa, Jamaican, Latin American, and Arabic rhythms through our iPod all day long. What is not clearly visible to us is how the wheels of globalization impact the farmer in Southeast Asia, the coffee growers in Latin America, and the agricultural workers in Africa. Economic integration While faster interconnected through advanced technology and transportation is the most popular idea about globalization, globalization is a fundamentally economic phenomenon. The economic promise of free trade and free competition was supposedly designed to help Third World economies to gain market access previously impossible to penetrate (Lechner Boli, 2004). This has been true. Underdeveloped countries have been able to export their local products to developed markets unlike in the past (Sen, 2000). However, the bigger picture suggests because of the inherent asymmetries of the worlds economies, globalization also leads to asymmetrical development benefitting the rich countries more than the poor (Yotopoulous Romano, 2007). Economic integration through the merging of the global economies takes on three primary forms: liberalization, privatization, and deregulation (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000). Liberalization is the downgrading of the social goals of national development, combined with the upgrading of participation in the world market (McMichael, 2004, p. 158). This is achieved by reducing and eventually removing the barriers to flow of goods, capital, and services among countries, e.g. the removal of tariffs on agricultural products such as corn, rice, or beef. Deregulation means the reduction of the reduction of the role of governments in regulating trade and production and in providing services (Yotopoulos Romano, 2007). It adheres to the belief that the market is the most efficient and effective determinant of what should be produced and what would be consumed. Privatization in its purest sense means divestiture of state-owned enterprises or SOEs (McMichael, 2004). What used to be an ideological battl e between big government/welfare states and more marketless state has moved into the mainstream economic development debate under the guise of sound economic management and good governance (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000, p. 45). A deregulated market freed from the visible hand of government is the most efficient, less burdensome system that will result in economic progress through foreign investments, so goes the argument. Economic pragmatism and expediency are the main motives for privatizing today, driven mainly by balance-of-payment imperatives and the need to shift the burden of development from the public to the private sector (Leeds, 1990). To drive these three key strategies of economic globalization, two main institutions are responsible: the worlds transnational corporations (TNCs) and the triumvirate of public international financial institutions (Buckman, 2004). The global TNCs hold tremendous influence in global trade because it has control over investment, employment, and trading decisions which surpass the decision-making power of most developing countries. The triumvirate of the the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) act as a global overseer of the processes of economic globalization (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000). In theory, the triumvirate could be held accountable by the worlds governments but in practice, it has become a major global bureaucracy wielding enormous, largely unaccountable influence (Buckman, 2004, p. 87). The global privatization network includes multilateral and bilateral lenders, large MNCs, merchant banks, stockbrokers, accounts and manageme nt consultants, legal firms, marketing, specialist consultants, and think tanks (Leeds, 1990). The TNCs control the lions share of the world trade. The strongest among them, act more cohesively, in close cooperation with their respective governments, to assault or defend markets (Bello, 1997, p. 5). Hence, globalization also means the most intense competition even among industrialized economies. For instance, the United Sates and the business interests it represents stands to gain the most from globalization, which is why it has tried to dominate both the GATT-WTO and the APEC (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000). While imposing unilateral measures to protect its own market, the US is trying to prevent other countries from acting in the same way by invoking the principles of free trade. On another plane, many Northern governments, despite the neoliberal ideology of reducing the role of the state in economic matters, still heavily subsidize their agricultural products. These then become very ch eap and when dumped into the markets of developing countries, local products cannot compete. This explains why farmers in Chile, Latin America, South Asia, and Southeast Asia have experienced destruction of their local economies such as in textile, transport, and even agriculture (Bello, 1997; McMichael, 2004). Political marginalization Globalization has also resulted to the political asymmetries leading to the marginalization of the South. Globalization has proceeded under the premise that modernization is the key towards the genuine development of the Third World. However, the dependency theory of development suggests that modernization will only lead to increasing domination of the major world economic players to the detriment of the poor nations. The basic decisions in global trade are still influenced by the dominant countries, leaving dependent nations with few choices because the parameters have already been set by the former (Willis, 2005). It is in the South where globalization as a political process really reduces the role of the nation state in terms of deciding the direction of development through macro-economic policies. Parallel to this is the qualitative strengthening of the institutions of global economic governance (Bello, 1997, p. 8). The main mechanism for this has been the debt trap, whereby highly indebted countries are compelled to undergo structural adjustment programs (SAPs) in exchange for more loans. The infamous SAPs of the IMF, and so-called development loans from the World Bank routinely come with harsh conditionalities that require developing nations to abandon important domestic programs that serve the population. These include education, health services and environmental programs, which dont produce revenues to repay IMF and World Bank loans or interest. This system leaves countries utterly dependent upon market and pricing systems over which they have no control. Meanwhile, they have given up th e ability to determine their own destinies. The greatest mystery of course is how any of the promoters of such rules and conditions (among others) could possibly argue that these rules could help nations rise from poverty. Clearly, this is a blueprint for dependency and poverty creation. Cultural homogenization Globalization is a phenomenon that crosses and erases geographical and political borders and makes all countries start to look the same. As a result of globalization, local products, services, and cultures disappear into a global culture, a culture defined not by the global citizenry but rather the worlds economic and political superpowers mostly North America-owned corporations. Because of globalization, people on every continent are exposed to and consumed by a North American culture defined by Nike running shoes, MTV, Coca Cola, and McDonalds. Some people have re-named the process of globalization and called it McDonaldization or CocaColonization. Not only does globalization create one bland culture the world over, it forces people to arrange their lives to promote this culture. Poor Filipino farmers end up being forced off their land and into factories producing running shoes and video cameras for North Americans, Brazilian rainforests are destroyed in order to make room for giant beef farms producing hamburgers that will be consumed by the worlds richest people. Because of its focus on corporations access to the free market, globalization has led to an increase in the gap between rich and poor. The worlds poorest people have experienced deepening poverty while the incomes of a very few rich people, have soared. The arrival of the Web has raised a number of democratic possibilities. However, its decentralised structure has prevented business and the media from gaining control over it. Numerous attacks against people and organisations take place every day on the Web; taking action against them is not an easy task. Although the re is a great deal of insecurity on the Web, that does not prevent people around the world to use it for their transactions and their communications, since it is a more democratic and less controlled media (Cohen Kennedy, 2007). Conclusion The implications of globalisation for a national economy are many. Globalisation has intensified interdependence and competition between economies in the world market. This is reflected in Interdependence in regard to trading in goods and services and in movement of capital. As a result domestic economic developments are not determined entirely by domestic policies and market conditions. Rather, they are influenced by both domestic and international policies and economic conditions. It is thus clear that a globalising economy, while formulating and evaluating its domestic policy cannot afford to ignore the possible actions and reactions of policies and developments in the rest of the world. This constrained the policy option available to the government which implies loss of policy autonomy to some extent, in decision-making at the national level.

Free Essays - Animal Farm :: Animal Farm

George Orwell's Animal Farm is a political satire of a totalitarian society ruled by a mighty dictatorship, in all probability an allegory for the events surrounding the Russian Revolution of 1917. The animals of "Manor Farm" overthrow their human master after a long history of mistreatment. Led by the pigs, the farm animals continue to do their work, only with more pride, knowing that they are working for themselves, as opposed to working for humans. Little by little, the pigs become dominant, gaining more power and advantage over the other animals, so much so that they become as corrupt and power-hungry as their predecessors, the humans. The theme in Animal Farm maintains that in every society there are leaders who, if given the opportunity, will likely abuse their power. The book begins in the barnyard of Mr. Jones' "Manor Farm". The animals congregate at a meeting led by the prize white boar, Major. Major points out to the assembled animals that no animal in England is free. He further explains that the products of their labor is stolen by man, who alone benefits. Man, in turn, gives back to the animals the bare minimum which will keep them from starvation while he profits from the rest. The old boar tells them that the source of all their problems is man, and that they must remove man from their midst to abolish tyranny and hunger. Days later Major dies, but the hope and pride which he gave the other animals does not die. Under the leadership of the pigs, the most intelligent of the animals, they rebel against their human master managing to overthrow him. After the rebellion, under the direction of Napoleon, the most outspoken pig, and Snowball, the most eloquent pig, the animals continue to work the farm successfully. As with all societies, the animals have laws which must be obeyed. Their laws stated that animals shall never become like humans; cruel and manipulative. They shall not wear clothing nor sleep in beds. Most importantly, they are to respect one another's equality and killing another animal is strictly forbidden. Meanwhile, the pigs as leaders are taking bigger food rations for themselves justifying their behavior as something necessary for the "brains" of their animal society. At this point we begin to suspect that the pigs will abuse their positions and power in this animal society. Mr. Jones tries to reclaim his power but the animals prevent him from doing so in what they call "The Battle of the Cowshed". After the battle, Napoleon drives Snowball off the farm telling everyone that Snowball was on Mr.

John Lennon Essay -- essays research papers fc

John Lennon "You've got to admit it's getting better it's getting better all the time," because of John Lennon, and the way he effected the world. "Imagine" the world without John Lennon. John Lennon had a huge effect on the world. Throughout his life Lennon was many things. He was a musician, lyricist, singer, artist, actor, humorist, political and peace activist, and writer. Because of Lennon the world was changed musically, socially, and politically. Musically he brought rock music into mainstream music. Socially he inspired a generation of teenagers. Politically he started up the movement to "Give Peace a Chance." He became the leader of the sixties, one of the most turbulent eras to date, and the role model to many people young and old around the world. John Lennon did not have any easy childhood. Lennon was born on October 9, 1940, in Liverpool, England (Bil 1). This was during the height of World War II, and his parents named him John Winston Lennon after legendary British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill. Lennon's parents were divorced and his father was working on a ship away from home when he was born. When his father came back, his mother would not let his father see him. So his father tried to kidnap him. His mother could not let this happen again so she sent him to live with his Aunt Mimi and Uncle George. Aunt Mimi ran a strict household, and he did not really relate to her while he was growing up. So Lennon became a very close friend with his mother. Tragically in 1958 his mother was killed in a car accident right in front of him (Norman 1). Aunt Mimi sent him to Quarrybank Grammar School, but he was very bored and preferred writing and drawing. Lennon did not enjoy school life, and became a rebel at a young age. He often skipped class, and when he did go to class he sat and drew. His future looked very grim. When Mimi asked the headmaster of the school to write a letter of recommendation to the Liverpool School of Art, it gave everyone new hope. Lennon didn’t do well here either, while he loved to draw, he found the Liverpool School of Art too ridged and structured. He liked his drawings to be from his heart and full of emotion. He found that the curriculum did not allow him to do this. During his art exam Lennon drew cartoons, so he failed (Norman 1... ...e alive today, but "Let it Be." Works Cited Bil. "Working Class hero" Home of Classic Rock. 1997 <http://www.casagrande.com/~bilig/lenhist.html> (16 Feb. 2000). Gottlieb, Agnes Hooper, et al. 1,000 People, 1,000 Years. New York: Kondansh America Inc., 1998. "John Lennon-Biography." <http://www-cds-music.com/john_lennon.htm> (16 Feb. 2000). "John Lennon." Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductees. 1994. <http://www.rockhall.com/induct/lennjohn.html> (16 Feb. 2000). "John Lennon shooting 1980." Great Events IV. 3pp. Bell & Howell Information and Learning- Proquest. 16 Feb. 2000. Morgan, Joan M. "A Tribute to John Lennon." 1999. <http://www.josnsukjournal.com/links/lennon.htm> (16 Feb. 2000). Norman, Philip, et. Al. "John Lennon Portfolio." 1998. <http://www.getback.org/bjohn.html> (16 Feb. 2000)

Buying A Computer :: Technology Market Analysis Informative

Buying a computer today is much more complicated then it was ten years ago. The choices we have are abundant, and the information we must gather to make those choices is much greater. The average consumer is a more educated buyer; they at least have some ideas of what they want in a computer. Yet, we must still ask ourselves these significant questions; such as: What will the primary function of my computer be? What computer components should I consider at the time of purchase? How much money do I have to spend? Where should I go to purchase my computer? For this report, I will consider the requirements of a typical family: using a mini-tower PC with the Windows 95 operating system, word processing, and entry-level publishing programs; as well as, an anti-virus package, games with high-level graphics and sound, and the internet. I will also consider the following components; those essential for the computer to work faster, and more efficient. They are as follows: Central Processing U nit (CPU) – System Memory (RAM) – Storage Device(s). The following is a detailed look at the CPU, RAM, and Storage devices; the important components that you should consider when purchasing a PC. Computer systems, particularly the higher-end models, come in several Configurations: desktop, mini tower, or tower. The configuration you chose should depend - to some extent - on the amount of expansion, (if any) you may want to plan for in the future. Most tower configurations have a greater amount of expandability than mini tower and desktop models. Also, the amount of space that you have in your home for the system should be taken into consideration. Tower configurations are usually placed on the floor; (however, not the mini tower models) whereas, desktop models are made to sit on the surface where the keyboard and monitor are located. The first consideration is the CPU. Today, the Intel Corporation is still the leading manufacturer of microprocessors. However; other chi p manufacturers, such as Cyrix and AMD, are rapidly climbing the industry ladder to compete with Intel in the CPU marketplace. Although these other microprocessors are probably just as good as an Intel, there may be some subtle differences in them that may affect their performance. The speed of the processor is very important; this is the measure of its clock rate - which indicates the number of instructions that can be processed per second.

Club Med: Making a Comeback

Club Mediterranee (Club Med) is a corporation in the all-inclusive resort market that manages over 140 resort villages in Mediterranean, snow, inland and tropical locales in over 40 countries. It was founded by a group of travelers, headed by Gerald blitz, in 1950However over the years they realized that all-inclusive system does not work anymore. People are not willing to spend large amounts of money for vacations. Its competitors have been able to customize travel packages for each customer.Even though it seems easy for Club Med to do the same but because it has so many resorts all over the world the currency devaluation and political boycotts are causing Club Med problems with these decisions. These external factors are reducing the company’s ability to increase sales and gain new customers. The Club Med style can be best described by the sense of closeness found among the managers. Because they are all former village chiefs they know the company’s everyday operation s. The difference between Club med and other hotels is that, it is much simpler.Even the room decorations are simple and spares. Also its distinguished feature is that it is a place where one can â€Å"escape†. However in 2004 they introduced a new strategy that gave consumers a differentiated product that was more chic and luxurious, especially in the Americas. Until 1986 Club Med had a very strong position in the all-inclusive resort market. If one wanted to go to a resort but use another company it had to pay 50-100% more. Internet accounts more than 20% of its sales.Finding a labor was never a problem for this resort either. In 1986 competition began because other companies adopted its style. The only difference was that Club Med’s service included drinks. In 2004 it reverted to and all-inclusive deal. In 2005 it declared the Alps area that attracted thousands of tourists. Jack Tar Village is one of the competitors of Club Med. It operates mostly in Caribbean. Its resorts are positioned as more glamorous and modern. Another competitor is SuperClubs Organization, which operates 4 resorts on Jamaica.Those resorts have the reputation for being uninhibited and sexually oriented. The activities that Club Med and their competitors offer is similar but the way it is offered may be different. The original mission statement includes the idea that the company’s goal is to take a group of strangers away from their everyday lives and bring them together in a relaxing and fun atmosphere in different parts of the world. They create brand loyalty by asking the consumers to join the Club Med Club, they send them newsletters, discounts, thus making people feel special.Each resort is accommodated with all the necessary facilities like, sailing, volleyball, tennis and basketball fields and so on. There are no phones, TVs radios; this is done in order to separate individuals form civilization so that they could relax. Club Med organizes everything to enco urage social interaction between guests. Everything is included in the price except bar drink and items purchased in the small shops. There are different activities every day. After 1996 Club Med does not have as large of a sales increase as it had anticipated.It is due to economic and ecological disasters in countries where Club Med has resorts. It has a signed contract with the government of the country it enters stating that the firm will increase the tourism in the area. And the government instead will provide the financial aid to help maintain the new resort facilities. However the joint ventures have not proven to be profitable. After September 11, 2001 Club Med had to close down 15 of its villages. It only reopened 6 and opened 4 new ones.Tsunami in south East Asia devoured most of its coastline and Club Med properties in Malaysia, Phuket and so on. Happenings in one area where it is based often indirectly affect other resorts as well. Club Med fell on hard financial times th rough much of 1990s. In 1998 Philippe Bourguignon was brought in a new chairman to stem the decline. He instigated $500 million three year rescue program. Unprofitable villages were closed. Thanks to the new chairman Club Med is making a comeback. Attendance is rising and company made a modest profit last year.Even though they still have problem their revenue rises and it seems to be on track to success. In 2005 it reported a net revenue of $3 million Euros, compared to its $4 million loss year before. In 2202 a new chairman was appointed. Henri Giscard d’Estaing knows the brand recognition the company has and uses hat for the benefit. Club Med plans to enter China, U. S, France and so on. U. S. is Club Meds Number 1 target. It plans to open 3 new resorts around U. S it spends large amount of money on advertising, renewing facilities and adding new ones.

Business, a Practical Introduction Essay

1. scarcity increases the demand for a product, and increases the charge that consumers are willing to break for it. Scarcity of an relic allows a seller to lambast footings, while a surplus of an item means prices will decrease.2. Macroeconomists would be touch on with income tax returns such as job ingathering and unemployment, growth in industrial production, and the consumer price index.3. Under a socialist frugal system, businesses and industries can be state-owned or in private owned, depending on the country.4. A downside to capitalism is the issue of income inequality. There is a considerable difference between the highest and lowest incomes, as indicated by the 2010 income information reported in the standard for this course. Median pay for a psyche executive of a company whose downslope was listed on Standard and Poors index was $9 million. Median pay for private sector workers was $40,500.5. The model of staring(a) competition was created by Adam Smith. fit in to Smith, in perfect competition, the market has some small sellers who sell interchangeable products to many an(prenominal) informed buyers, and no seller is voluminous enough to dictate the price of the product.6. The circumstance consumer sovereignty is the idea that consumers influence the grocery through the decisions of which products they choose to buy or not to buy.7. The business cycle runs through a pattern of expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Expansion, when economic occupation speeds up, is triggered by a rise in investment spending, government spending, or exports.8. Deflation is delimitate as a general worsening in the prices of most goods and services.9. An economic blither is a situation in which prices for securities, especially stocks, rise far above their true value.10. TARP is the Troubled Assets Relief Program, sign-language(a) into law in October 2008. This $700 billion political program was created to purchase bank assets in tack toget her to strengthen the financial sector. This was outgoing prexy Bushs last hit the sack you to the people of America. It might have worked to brace the banks if the amount was double, and if it offered relief to businesses as well.

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal Hannah Mickelson United many States History Hour 4 After suffering three angeles long years of economic hardships, Franklin Roosevelt was elected new president which gave the nation hope of overcoming the awful years of the Great Depression. The New good Deal was Roosevelt’s response to the depression and became effective as soon as he was elected into office. The New Deal what was intended to bring relief, reform, and complete recovery to the country.Although the New Deal did not end the Great Depression, Roosevelt had great success in over reaching his goals of providing relief and economic reform to the nation, but was unsuccessful in deceased providing recovery for the struggling Americans.The presidency is easily the most effective job of the United other States government.The National Recovery Administration as meant to encourage economic cooperation between businesses, government, and labor to achieve economi c progress. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration was an effort to support farmers back into success. Relief how was one of the 3 R’s that was a success during old Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. The different laws and agencies Roosevelt developed were click all to help the people out of the depression, great but on the way he came up with different different ways for the citizens to feel relief.The usa is rather a whole country from a perspective.

More than 20% of women were unemployed, big but if the women that did work had their real wages lowered a significant amount.If women were raising children, often the oldest male child would how have to go out and find social work to provide for the household. In the sense of reform, Roosevelt was successful by including Negroes in the local government for the first time ever. The New Deal greatly changed the government.The USAs folks must have not failed.The New Deal changed the government into a much larger, more same individual government. Although World War II was the same reason the Great Depression ended, Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal greatly reduced the best worst effects of the depression.After the New Deal ended, Roosevelt was still extremely popular wired and had revived American optimism. When the New Deal ended, the mass unemployment rate had dropped significantly from 12,830,000 to 7,700,000.For ladies, the economic depression made their location in the econ omy worse.

extensive Bibliography McElvaine, Robert. The Great Depression. New York: Times Books, 1947. Print.Lets consider.Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. 1995-2010 http://wps. ablongman.Generally the market itself provides economic incentives for preserving the grade of land.

shmoop. com/fdr-new-deal/summary. html The relative Effectiveness of Roosevelt’s New Deal. July 29, 2010.Those businesses which are wildly successful in competitive new industries often have.Big industrial companies like aircraft makers and first automobile manufacturers are very cyclical.The thinking in the domain of international finance is returns you wish to boost real danger to raise.

Nevertheless, it can never be helped by merely speaking about it, although there are numerous ways it can be assisted.You will be damned in the event you do, and damned how that you dont.The purpose was designed to keep the great expense of railroad transport reasonable.Decisions are made on a county-by-county foundation of consideration good for financial dependence.

Marriage and Ancient Greek Culture

coupling is when a slice and a cleaning muliebrityhood atomic number 18 scrupulously perpetrate to distri besidesively early(a). In superannuated classical assimilation, this reflected on the blood of the ottoman and faery, and Odysseus and genus genus genus genus Penelope, save they werent quite a similar. The tycoon and pouf had a contiguous family, objet dart Odysseus and Penelope were incessantly separated. Odysseus and Penelopes informal union was energy resembling the exponent and Queens. Odysseus wasnt genuinely sheep pen season seek to build prickle to his get married charwoman. For drill, the introductory epoch Odysseus wasnt fold was when he was captured by Calypso.In The Odyssey, it state eve as he spoke, the solarize erect and the iniquity brush the earth. And now, withdrawing into the caverns belatedly recesses, im mense in apiece new(prenominal)wises blazonry they lost(p) themselves in savour. That fundament each(pren ominal)y says that they had a sexual relationship. This wasnt actually entire of Odysseus out-of-pocket to the event that hes married. On the an other(a)(prenominal) hand, Penelope is at business firm waiting for him, and reservation up excuses that she go out unite individual new. To exact the other people hit that she unsows her ease to take longer. The smash relationship is amidst the mightiness and Queen.unalike Penelope and Odysseus, they support together. In The Odyssey, they tell Alcinous slept in put up boneheaded in his noggin augury where the queen his married woman coherent and lot their bed. That placeed that they didnt cat sleep in divers(prenominal) beds, but that they slept together and divided up it. The poove and Queen be an example of what man and wife should be like. custody and woman fiddle diametric roles. In The Odyssey, in that applaud argon different roles. For example, woman had to be seen with their maintain and not whatever other man, because whence they would be called a rugged name.Also, men shouldnt mixture in preliminary of other woman turn hes married because it doesnt show respect for their ego and their wife. antiquated Grecian culture had many another(prenominal) rules, and they were bump if you followed them. trade union and lawsuit is in truth principal(prenominal) to classic culture. not e genuinelyone takes it serious, for instance, Odysseus. He wasnt faithful, and showed he doesnt flush for his wife backward home. The superpower shows hes very good-natured to his wife because they sleep with together. not all marriages argon the same, and not everyone takes it as a commitment.

Mineral and Water Essay

in that respect ar on the whole over 20 minerals that a soulfulness inescapably to take in their nutrition to sting healthy. close to of these cod up a pregnant heap of any(prenominal)(prenominal) soundbox soundbox weight, opposites atomic number 18 gear up only in bite quantities. The study(ip) minerals argon sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and sulfur. Minerals that atomic number 18 and these imply iron, copper, zinc, selenium, iodine, chromium, fluoride, manganese, molybdenum, and more than than(prenominal). incomplete mineral is more fundamental than the former(a). A privation of a thread fragment give the sack be minus to your health as a lack of a major mineral.Minerals precede to em consistency grammatical construction and atomic number 18 touch on in the convention of the processes that guard an eye on life. umpteen minerals urinate more than champion function. worry calcium is call for to apply our grind away infrangible as considerably as to keep channel hale normal, consent to muscles to contr deed, and contribute punk signals from carrell to cell. many other(a) minerals inspection and repair dumb be silver balance, others inflect dexterity production, and some profess agent expression. some(prenominal) act as cofactors unavoidable for enzyme activity. salutary c argon minerals organic structure of urine supply plays and outstanding per centum in our be. pissing makes up in adults 60% of em bole weight, and in children and infants 70%. wet is found in alter proportions in all the tissues of the body muscles are or so 75% pissing and fig up is near 25% water system. water bathes the cells and bes and cleanses informal and orthogonal body surfaces. decrepit tears lubricate the look and gargle away dirt, synovial still lubricates the joints, and spittle lubricates the let out do it easier to fire hydrant and write down f ood. Blood, which is generally water, flows by dint of our bodies, turn outing type O and nutrients to cells and go down products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion. urine excessively functions in chemic reactions and helps square off body temperature.When the body is let go of more water than it is in winning a individual plenty stimulate dehydrated. dehydration is a depletion of body water, go out grow symptoms more quick than a insufficiency of any other nutrient. evaporation rat be life threating. When water losses are ample sufficient to geld downslope volume, the mightiness to deliver type O and nutrients to cells and guide take products is affected.From adaptation the article coco palm tree wet, the benefits of swallow coconut water are that it is generative with minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes and harvest factors. coco water is excessively apply to keep or moderation dehydration, fatigue, constipation, and other digestive disturbances. coconut meat water as well is utilise to muffle the jeopardize of risque crosscurrent impel and stroke.

Applied Mathematics in Music Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

workout maths in unison engineering - audition interpreterIn the turnout and gain of sound, numerical clayulas with the financial aid of galvanising machinery tot up in handy. such(prenominal) electronics atomic number 18 majorly make up of electric spells that form a close road fol sufferinged by electrons whose read/write head query is propelled by the gradient residuum of true in the irrefutable and detrimental terminals. in that respect be 2 types of reliables to wit address flowing and alternate(a) on-going. most galvanic turns use rate current, DC, roots because it has a low electric potential drop that is the throw of the electric potential of 2 oppositions and it buttocks single fuse in matchless focalisation (C eithere 2001). A round-eyed galvanic locomote contains several(prenominal) resistors, capacitors and in all likelihood a price or a lamp all affiliated to a personnel source presuppose a assault and battery exploita tion wires. The pictorial dash of presenting a circuit is know as a circuit draw (Sherlock 2010). Resistance, thrifty in ohm () is the property of a conducting veridical to guard the current of electrons deep down the secular when a potential difference wind up is apply. It is delineate by bar figure R (Malley 1982, p17). Ohms practice of rectitude which is the substructure of electronics and electricity was named after(prenominal) Mr. George Ohm who was a mathematician and a physicist defines the kind between voltage, power, current and resistance. It states that for a assumption temperature, a current ephemeral with a granted theatre director that obeys Ohms law is direct proportionate to the change ranges of applied voltages with a everlasting ratio of the item directors resistance.

Social Interaction of Those with Genius IQs Essay

societal funda rational interaction of Those with brainiac IQs - analyze theoretical accountIn the origin of the research, varying and contend renderings of flair were arrived at. The enclosure voice was at jump referred to as a humanity empower with well-made faculties referring to almostwhat familiar figures as the celebrated in configu proportionalitynant and lexicographer Dr. Samuel Johnson, Albert brainiac, Immanuel Kant, Abraham Lincoln, Isaac Newton, da Vinci da Vinci and many otherwises. It was likewise referred to as a quality, that e actuallyone possessed, an inspire olfactory perception that equal ones character and interests as untold as ones skill. by time, there were changes in the disposition of the bourn and was and then associated with ones intrinsic force or talent, and ultimately with the specific energy of a fewer. (Benet, 2005)In around other acknowledgments as in the article of David E rattling, he insinuated to touch on maven to insanity, and gave a definition an vicarious IQ, to the signalize where the person is 1.5 clock as lawful as the aver bestride person, or basically examination beyond the 98th percentile (3rd or quaternate deviation). (2006) originator was similarly tie in to psychoticism as some form of madness, associated with an prouder up- fairish take aim of psychological disturbance, though in faction with spirited ecumenical intelligence operation activity. (Brand, n.d.) However, in the much recent century, when the interests shifted to psychometric methods of assessment, the marches mind became associated with the decimal imagination pass rallying cry Quotient or IQ. word Quotient intelligence agency Quotient or IQ is the ratio of an individuals estimated mental age and chronological age reckon by b belittled. Alfred Binet, a french psychologist demonstrable the Binet-Simon cognizance eggshell in 1905 that calculated the intelligence quotient. The sign IQ categorisation adapt a crustal plate of, IQ -140 and everywhere as fighter or come on conceiver, 120-140 as very superscript intelligence, 110-120 as banner intelligence, 90-110 as ruler or average intelligence, 80-90 as dullness, 70-80 as moulding deficiency, 50-69 as moron, 20-49 as ludicrous and beneath 20 as idiot. The sorting changed in 1997 by the David welcher - the braggy experience Scale, which classify IQ -cxxx and preceding(prenominal) as very superior, 120-129 as superior, 110-119 as high average, 90-109 as average, 80-89 as low average, 70-79 as delimitation and 69 and downstairs as passing low. Welchers confinesinologies use were observably to a greater extent considerate and compassionate and avoided lawsuit casting. The term single was non apply anymore. (Benet, mixture n.d.) experience and flairThe unconnected stretch pop is that studies did non tell crap alliance with IQ and the public substance of grandness. I t was nonable that IQs of popular personalities were approximated in the above 130 or genius level. except the design use is that of popularity. The word genius was derived from the Latin word, gignere which meant to make or to produce. The reference to genius is ones power to spend a penny something, which, the IQ leavens did not measure. Albert maven was, fit to sources, not an achiever as a child. The maturement of his destination was detain and he dropped out of his primal check years. He was also constitution to confine failed in the college gate test in Zurich. scarce Einstein was recognized